UD Latin Perseus
Language: Latin (code: la
)
Family: Indo-European, Latin
This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v1.2 release.
The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Giuseppe G. A. Celano, Daniel Zeman.
Repository: UD_Latin-Perseus
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.2
License: CC BY-NC-SA 2.5
Genre: fiction, nonfiction, bible
Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Latin-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [celano (æt) informatik • uni-leipzig • de]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.
Annotation | Source |
---|---|
Lemmas | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
UPOS | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
XPOS | annotated manually |
Features | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
Relations | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
Description
This Universal Dependencies Latin Treebank consists of an automatic conversion of a selection of passages from the Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank 2.1
The current UD treebank derives from texts taken from the Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank 2.1 available at
- https://github.com/PerseusDL/treebank_data/tree/master/v2.1/Latin
The original data have been semi-automatically annotated. More precisely, morphological annotation and lemmatization have been performed with the help of the Morpheus morphological analyzer, while syntactic annotation has been done manually. The following guidelines have been followed:
- http://nlp.perseus.tufts.edu/syntax/treebank/ldt/1.5/docs/guidelines.pdf
Further details can be found at:
- https://github.com/PerseusDL/treebank_data/tree/master/v2.1/Latin
This UD release contains parts of the following works:
author | work |
---|---|
Augustus | Res Gestae |
Cicero | In Catilinam |
Jerome | Vulgata |
Vergil | Aeneid |
Ovid | Metamorphoses |
Petronius | Satyricon |
Phaerus | Fabulae |
Propertius | Elegies |
Sallust | Bellum Catilinae |
Suetonius | Life of Augustus |
Tacitus | Historiae |
Acknowledgments
The current UD data have been converted by Giuseppe G. A. Celano.
The Ancient Greek and Latin treebank is a result of a joint effort between Tufts University and Leipzig University (DH) under the supervision of Prof. Gregory Crane. Current editors of the treebank are Giuseppe G. A. Celano, Gregory Crane, and Bridget Almas.
Authors of the annotations are (in alphabetical order):
Giuseppe G. A. Celano, J. F. Gentile, Robert Gorman, Vanessa Gorman, Jordan Hawkesworth, Yoana Ivanova, Tovah Keynton, Florin Leonte, Alex Lessie, Daniel Lim Libatique, Meg Luthin, Francesco Mambrini, George Matthews, Jack Mitchell, Molly Miller, Jessica Nord, Sean Stewart, Anthony D. Yates, Polina Yordanova, and Sam Zukoff.
Further details can be found at:
- http://perseusdl.github.io/treebank_data/
Statistics of UD Latin Perseus
POS Tags
ADJ – ADP – ADV – CCONJ – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PRON – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X
Features
Aspect – Case – Degree – Gender – Mood – Number – Person – Tense – VerbForm – Voice
Relations
acl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – case – cc – ccomp – conj – cop – csubj – iobj – mark – nmod – nsubj – nummod – obj – obl – parataxis – punct – root – vocative – xcomp
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- This corpus contains 2273 sentences and 29138 tokens.
- This corpus contains 4381 tokens (15%) that are not followed by a space.
- This corpus does not contain words with spaces.
- This corpus contains 11 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: p., M., L., R., C., Cn., D., Ian., Kal., Q., T.
Morphology
Tags
- This corpus uses 12 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, CCONJ, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PRON, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
- This corpus does not use the following tags: PROPN, DET, AUX, PART, SYM
- This corpus contains 39 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): aliqui, aliquis, aliquot, alius, amplus, ceterus, ecquis, ego, hic, idem, ille, ipse, is, iste, meis, meus, nemo, nihil, nos, noster, qualis, qualiscumque, quam, qui, quicumque, quidam, quis, quisnam, quisquam, quisque, quisquis, quivis, sui, suus, tu, tuus, uter, uterque, vester
- This corpus contains 0 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET):
- This corpus contains 0 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX):
- There are 5 (de)verbal forms:
- Fin
- VERB: est, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, coepit, dedit, audivi
- X: conlubuissent, nutricas, vomuit
- Gdv
- VERB: accipiundis, aperiundum, appellando, augendae, canendo, cavendum, coercendas, commutando, concitanda, confirmandam
- Ger
- VERB: adsentandi, transeundi, cenandum, cogitandum, consolandi, convertendi, eundi, exprobrandi, faciendum, flendi
- Inf
- VERB: esse, habere, dicere, facere, posse, ire, vivere, fore, fuisse, afferri
- X: decollari
- Part
- NOUN: meriti
- VERB: dicens, dicentem, dicentes, sedentem, amantis, conscripti, scriptum, facta, falso, mota
Nominal Features
- Fem
- ADJ: magna, publicae, publicam, suam, magnam, publica, altera, mea, nulla, omnis
- ADV: fors
- NOUN: res, rem, rei, vocem, Cynthia, manus, manu, terrae, terram, urbe
- NUM: una, prima, singulas, Ambae, Secundam, XXVIII, binas, decima, decimam, duabus
- PRON: quae, illa, quam, ea, hanc, haec, te, mea, quas, hac
- VERB-Gdv: augendae, coercendas, confirmandam, conservandae, constituendae, deponendam, exploranda, horrendas, inflammandam, munienda
- VERB-Part: dicentem, ardens, contenta, data, diversa, mota, visa, advocata, cognita, composita
- Masc
- ADJ: omnes, omnium, suo, alter, omnis, meo, omnibus, alii, duo, magno
- NOUN: Catilina, Trimalchio, amor, nemo, animus, hominum, senatus, amore, homines, loco
- NUM: primus, singulos, uno, unum, primo, uni, unus, DC, VII, XV
- PRON: qui, mihi, me, ego, se, te, ille, tibi, quis, nos
- VERB-Gdv: commutando, consulendos, desperandi, expectandum, experiendi, expurgandi, ferendi, horrendus, loquendo, oriundus
- VERB-Part: dicentes, conscripti, dicens, sedentem, amantis, natus, dicentem, existumans, interfecto, locutus
- X: Aefulanum, sestertiarios
- Neut
- ADJ: omnia, multa, suum, sua, tantum, magna, talia, cuncta, duo, magnum
- ADV: Multum
- NOUN: caelo, nihil, bello, omnia, nomen, bellum, verba, caput, tempore, imperium
- NOUN-Part: meriti
- NUM: millia, milia, singula, uno, unum, XII, duobus, milibus, millibus, prima
- PRON: quid, quod, hoc, quae, haec, id, ea, illa, quo, quicquam
- VERB: facta, scriptum, falso, dicens, faciendum, facto, factum, interposito, iussa, mandata
- VERB-Gdv: accipiundis, aperiundum, appellando, canendo, cavendum, concitanda, dandis, dandum, dissimulandi, extruendi
- VERB-Ger: cenandum, convertendi, faciendum
- VERB-Part: facta, scriptum, falso, dicens, facto, factum, interposito, iussa, mandata, monitis
- Plur
- ADJ: omnia, omnes, omnium, suis, duo, multa, omnibus, omnis, sua, magna
- NOUN: omnia, hominum, verba, homines, dies, manus, manibus, verbis, flumina, pedes
- NUM: millia, singulos, milia, prima, singula, singulas, Ambae, DC, ambobus, binas
- PRON: qui, quae, haec, nos, eos, eorum, vos, nobis, illis, his
- VERB-Fin: sunt, fuerunt, fecere, habemus, habent, erant, habebant, volunt, adoraverunt, coeperunt
- VERB-Gdv: accipiundis, coercendas, concitanda, consulendos, dandis, desperandi, faciundis, ferenda, ferendi, horrenda
- VERB-Part: dicentes, conscripti, facta, actis, amantis, obliti, devictis, dicentium, dispositis, expectantes
- X: conlubuissent, sestertiarios
- X-Fin: conlubuissent
- Sing
- ADJ: magna, publicae, suo, publicam, suam, meo, magno, magnum, suum, magnam
- ADV: Multum, fors
- NOUN: rem, Catilina, rei, vocem, Trimalchio, res, Cynthia, amor, caelo, nihil
- NOUN-Part: meriti
- NUM: una, uno, unum, prima, primus, primo, uni, Secundam, decima, decimam
- PRON: mihi, me, qui, ego, te, quid, quod, hoc, se, tibi
- VERB: est, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, coepit, dedit, audivi
- VERB-Fin: est, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, coepit, dedit, audivi
- VERB-Gdv: aperiundum, appellando, augendae, canendo, cavendum, commutando, confirmandam, conservandae, constituendae, dandum
- VERB-Ger: cenandum, cogitandum, consolandi, convertendi, exprobrandi, faciendum, recipiendi, temptandi
- VERB-Part: dicens, dicentem, sedentem, scriptum, falso, natus, posito, ardens, contenta, data
- X-Fin: nutricas, vomuit
- Abl
- ADJ: magna, suo, suis, magno, nullo, omni, meo, omnibus, alio, toto
- NOUN: manu, caelo, die, urbe, voce, bello, re, amore, loco, more
- NUM: uno, primo, una, decima, duobus, milibus, prima, secundo, singulis, tertio
- PRON: hoc, quo, his, hac, eo, illis, qua, ea, illo, me
- VERB: falso, posito, actis, interfecto, adverso, advocata, aperto, cantante, confirmata, data
- VERB-Gdv: accipiundis, appellando, canendo, commutando, dandis, loquendo, munienda, promerendis, reddenda
- VERB-Ger: flendo, fugiendo, laudando, quaerendo, volando
- VERB-Part: falso, posito, actis, interfecto, adverso, advocata, aperto, cantante, confirmata, data
- Acc
- ADJ: omnia, publicam, suam, omnis, magnam, magnum, multa, omnes, suum, tantum
- ADV: Multum
- NOUN: rem, vocem, terram, locum, domum, nomen, bellum, senatum, dies, verba
- NUM: unum, singulas, singulos, milia, singula, DC, Secundam, XII, XXVIII, binas
- PRON: me, te, se, quid, quod, haec, quae, quem, hoc, eos
- VERB-Gdv: cavendum, coercendas, concitanda, confirmandam, consulendos, dandum, deponendam, expectandum, horrenda, horrendas
- VERB-Ger: cenandum, cogitandum, faciendum, legendum
- VERB-Part: dicentem, sedentem, amantis, habentem, contentum, delatum, descendentem, dicens, facta, facturum
- X: Aefulanum, sestertiarios
- Dat
- ADJ: omnibus, publicae, meo, suis, Germanicis, ingrato, miserae, nostris, nulli, suo
- NOUN: ecclesiis, rei, consuli, terrae, amicis, auribus, collo, homini, labori, lacrimis
- NUM: uni, ambobus, duabus, millibus
- PRON: mihi, tibi, sibi, illi, nobis, illis, quibus, cui, huic, vobis
- VERB-Gdv: faciundis
- VERB-Part: audienti, habenti, monitis, querenti, reposcenti, victis, Afflictis, Docto, absenti, adeuntibus
- Gen
- ADJ: omnium, publicae, alterius, mei, mali, multarum, magni, meae, suae, tanti
- NOUN: rei, hominum, terrae, vitae, Dei, animi, rerum, populi, Catilinae, domini
- NOUN-Part: meriti
- NUM: VII, XV, quaternum, trium, unius
- PRON: eius, eorum, illius, cuius, quorum, huius, meae, nostrum, sui, horum
- VERB: amantis, dicentis, dicentium, perditorum, sedentis, transeundi, Dictorum, Periturae, abrupti, agitantis
- VERB-Gdv: augendae, conservandae, constituendae, dissimulandi, eligendi, experiendi, expurgandi, extruendi, iurandi, nascendi
- VERB-Ger: transeundi, consolandi, convertendi, eundi, exprobrandi, flendi, loquendi, manumittendi, propugnandi, recipiendi
- VERB-Part: amantis, dicentis, dicentium, perditorum, sedentis, Dictorum, Periturae, abrupti, agitantis, agundi
- Loc
- NOUN: Romae, domi, militiae, animi
- Nom
- ADJ: magna, duo, omnes, alter, nulla, solus, alii, unus, altera, ceteri
- ADV: fors
- NOUN: res, Trimalchio, amor, nemo, Catilina, animus, consul, Caesar, Cynthia, puer
- NUM: millia, prima, una, primus, unus, Ambae, duo, quartum, singuli, tertia
- PRON: qui, ego, quae, ille, quis, illa, tu, ipse, haec, nos
- VERB-Gdv: aperiundum, desperandi, exploranda, faciendum, ferenda, ferendi, horrendus, intoleranda, intolerandum, nocendum
- VERB-Part: dicentes, dicens, mota, natus, ardens, contenta, existumans, locutus, nactus, obliti
- Voc
- ADJ: infelix, audax, carissime, conscia, crudelior, demens, digna, improbe, incognite, insane
- NOUN: Cynthia, Catilina, patres, Galle, amici, Quirites, Tulle, canis, milites, Agamemnon
- PRON: mea, Vos
- VERB-Part: conscripti, factura
Degree and Polarity
- Cmp
- ADJ: amplius, maiore, melior, plura, maior, maiora, maiores, minor, minores, minus
- ADV: magis, prius, minus, diutius, potius, facilius, plus, saepius, validius, acerbius
- VERB-Part: audentior, doctior
- Pos
- ADJ: Aliam, Augustalia, Capenam, Hadriano, Marcia, Martiales, Narbonensi, Reducis, Romani, Romanorum
- VERB-Part: apsenti, natus
- Sup
- ADJ: extremo, summa, extrema, maximus, proxima, proximam, proximis, summo, taeterrima, ultima
- ADV: Novissime, maxime, plurimum, seuerissime, aegerrime, familiarissime, minime, minimum, parcissime, pertinacissime
- VERB-Part: sanctissimis
Verbal Features
- Imp
- VERB: erat, esset, habebat, posset, erant, faceret, videbatur, dicebat, habebant, diceret
- VERB-Fin: erat, esset, habebat, posset, erant, faceret, videbatur, dicebat, habebant, diceret
- Perf
- NOUN-Part: meriti
- VERB: dixit, fuit, vidi, inquit, audivi, fecit, iussit, coepit, dedit, potuit
- VERB-Fin: dixit, fuit, vidi, inquit, audivi, fecit, iussit, coepit, dedit, potuit
- VERB-Inf: fuisse, fecisse, nosse, potuisse, venisse, dixisse, odisse, perdidisse, reliquisse, tenuisse
- VERB-Part: conscripti, scriptum, facta, falso, mota, natus, posito, actis, cognita, contenta
- X-Fin: vomuit
- Imp
- VERB-Fin: cave, aspice, noli, proficiscere, refer, Credite, crede, da, desine, dic
- Ind
- VERB-Fin: est, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, coepit, dedit, audivi
- X-Fin: nutricas, vomuit
- Sub
- VERB-Fin: sit, esset, possit, posset, audiat, faceret, foret, aperuisset, facias, sim
- X-Fin: conlubuissent
- Fut
- VERB-Fin: erit, eris, faciet, poterunt, curabo, dabo, dicet, venient, veniet, volent
- VERB-Inf: fore
- VERB-Part: facturum, futura, Periturae, accessurum, cessuros, conflagraturum, conservaturum, daturus, dicturus, dolitura
- Past
- NOUN-Part: meriti
- VERB: erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, inquit, audivi, fecit, iussit, coepit, dedit
- VERB-Fin: erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, inquit, audivi, fecit, iussit, coepit, dedit
- VERB-Inf: fuisse, fecisse, nosse, potuisse, venisse, dixisse, odisse, perdidisse, reliquisse, tenuisse
- VERB-Part: conscripti, scriptum, facta, falso, mota, natus, posito, actis, cognita, contenta
- X-Fin: vomuit
- Pqp
- VERB-Fin: aperuisset, fecerat, dixerat, habuerat, fuerat, iussisset, viderat, censuerat, ceperat, coeperat
- X-Fin: conlubuissent
- Pres
- VERB: est, esse, habet, sunt, habere, sit, dicere, potest, facere, iubet
- VERB-Fin: est, habet, sunt, sit, potest, iubet, dicit, es, fit, inquit
- VERB-Gdv: accipiundis, aperiundum, appellando, augendae, canendo, cavendum, concitanda, conservandae, dandis, dissimulandi
- VERB-Ger: cenandum, convertendi, faciendum
- VERB-Inf: esse, habere, dicere, facere, posse, ire, vivere, afferri, fieri, loqui
- VERB-Part: dicens, dicentem, dicentes, sedentem, amantis, ardens, existumans, habentem, patiens, referens
- X-Fin: nutricas
- X-Inf: decollari
- Act
- VERB: est, esse, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, coepit, dedit
- VERB-Fin: est, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, vidi, coepit, dedit, audivi
- VERB-Gdv: commutando
- VERB-Ger: cenandum, convertendi, faciendum, legendum
- VERB-Inf: esse, habere, dicere, facere, posse, ire, vivere, fore, fuisse, agere
- VERB-Part: dicens, dicentem, dicentes, sedentem, ardens, existumans, habentem, natus, referens, audienti
- X-Fin: conlubuissent, nutricas, vomuit
- Pass
- NOUN-Part: meriti
- VERB: videtur, afferri, cogor, fieri, videbatur, conscripti, datur, dicitur, fertur, scriptum
- VERB-Fin: videtur, cogor, videbatur, datur, dicitur, fertur, habetur, sequitur, cunctamini, dicar
- VERB-Gdv: accipiundis, aperiundum, appellando, augendae, canendo, cavendum, concitanda, conservandae, dandis, dissimulandi
- VERB-Inf: afferri, fieri, dici, occidi, imitari, loqui, pati, uti, videri, capi
- VERB-Part: conscripti, scriptum, facta, falso, mota, posito, actis, cognita, contenta, data
- X-Inf: decollari
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
- 1
- VERB: vidi, audivi, potui, puto, sum, cogor, habemus, possum, quaeso, coepi
- VERB-Fin: vidi, audivi, potui, puto, sum, cogor, habemus, possum, quaeso, coepi
- 2
- VERB-Fin: es, eris, potes, putes, vides, cave, facias, vis, habes, aspice
- X-Fin: nutricas
- 3
- VERB: est, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, coepit, dedit, sunt, fecit
- VERB-Fin: est, habet, inquit, erat, dixit, fuit, coepit, dedit, sunt, fecit
- X-Fin: conlubuissent, vomuit
Other Features
Syntax
Auxiliary Verbs and Copula
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: sum.
- This corpus uses 4 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: foro, celeber, edo, sum.
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).
- nsubj
- VERB--PRON-Nom (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (5)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Acc (5)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Nom (1024)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Voc (1)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Acc (6)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Nom (536)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Voc (1)
- VERB-Gdv--NOUN-Abl (3)
- VERB-Gdv--NOUN-Acc (9)
- VERB-Gdv--NOUN-Gen (5)
- VERB-Gdv--NOUN-Nom (6)
- VERB-Gdv--PRON-Acc (1)
- VERB-Gdv--PRON-Gen (1)
- VERB-Gdv--PRON-Nom (4)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Acc (90)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Nom (13)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Acc (65)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Nom (13)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Abl (144)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Acc (15)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Nom (42)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Abl (12)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Acc (23)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Nom (7)
- obj
- VERB--NOUN-Acc (3)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (10)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Abl (67)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Acc (1196)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Dat (51)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Gen (7)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Nom (12)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Abl (3)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Acc (433)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Dat (89)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Gen (1)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Nom (4)
- VERB-Gdv--NOUN-Abl (1)
- VERB-Gdv--NOUN-Acc (2)
- VERB-Gdv--PRON-Dat (2)
- VERB-Ger--NOUN-Acc (4)
- VERB-Ger--PRON-Acc (1)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN (4)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Abl (22)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Acc (234)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Dat (22)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Gen (1)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Abl (1)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Acc (54)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Dat (16)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Nom (1)
- VERB-Part--NOUN (2)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Abl (109)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Acc (105)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Dat (19)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Gen (8)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Nom (1)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Abl (3)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Acc (17)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Dat (12)
- iobj
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Dat (97)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Dat (96)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Dat (14)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Dat (6)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Dat (5)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Dat (6)