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UD English ESL

Language: English (code: en)
Family: Indo-European, Germanic

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v1.3 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Yevgeni Berzak, Jessica Kenney, Carolyn Spadine, Jing Xian Wang, Lucia Lam, Keiko Sophie Mori, Sebastian Garza, Boris Katz, Margarita Misirpashayeva.

Repository: UD_English-ESL
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.2

License: CC BY-SA 4.0. The underlying text is not included; the user must obtain it separately and then merge with the UD annotation using a script distributed with UD

Genre: learner-essays

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either English-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [berzak (æt) mit • edu]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.

Annotation Source
Lemmas not available
UPOS annotated manually, natively in UD style
XPOS annotated manually
Features not available
Relations annotated manually, natively in UD style

Description

UD English-ESL / Treebank of Learner English (TLE) contains manual POS tag and dependency annotations for 5,124 English as a Second Language (ESL) sentences drawn from the Cambridge Learner Corpus First Certificate in English (FCE) dataset.

UD English-ESL/TLE is a collection of 5,124 English as a Second Language (ESL) sentences (97,681 words), manually annotated with POS tags and dependency trees in the Universal Dependencies formalism. Each sentence is annotated both in its original and error corrected forms. The annotations follow the standard English UD guidelines, along with a set of supplementary guidelines for ESL. The dataset represents upper-intermediate level adult English learners from 10 native language backgrounds, with over 500 sentences for each native language. The sentences were randomly drawn from the Cambridge Learner Corpus First Certificate in English (FCE) corpus. The treebank is split randomly to a training set of 4,124 sentences, development set of 500 sentences and a test set of 500 sentences.

A query engine and further information on the treebank is available at .

Acknowledgments

The dataset and the annotation guidelines were developed at MIT by Yevgeni Berzak, Jessica Kenney, Carolyn Spadine, Jing Xian Wang, Lucia Lam, Keiko Sophie Mori, Sebastian Garza, Boris Katz and Margarita Misirpashayeva.

Statistics of UD English ESL

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – SYM – VERB – X

Features

Foreign – Polarity

Relations

acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – aux:pass – case – cc – cc:preconj – ccomp – compound – compound:prt – conj – cop – csubj – csubj:pass – det – det:predet – discourse – dislocated – expl – fixed – flat – goeswith – iobj – list – mark – nmod – nmod:npmod – nmod:poss – nsubj – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obl – obl:npmod – obl:tmod – orphan – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

Morphology

Tags

Nominal Features

Degree and Polarity

Verbal Features

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

Other Features

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

Relations Overview