List of last surviving veterans of military insurgencies and wars

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This a chronological list of the last surviving veterans of military insurgencies, conflicts and wars around the world. The listed wars span from the 13th century BC to the beginning of World War II. Most last survivors of particular campaigns or wars were junior officers or soldiers/naval ratings of non-commissioned rank in the early years of their service careers at the time.

Contents

Classical antiquity[edit]

Middle Ages[edit]

Muslim–Quraysh Wars (622–630)[edit]

Norman conquest of England (1066–1088)[edit]

Early modern period[edit]

These cases, particularly with respect to the ages claimed by the veterans, cannot be verified as it was common in pre-industrialised societies for elders to exaggerate their age.

17th century[edit]

Indian Wars (1622–1924)[edit]

English Civil War (1642–51)[edit]

First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–54)[edit]

18th century[edit]

Great Northern War (1700–21)[edit]

War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14)[edit]

Jacobite risings (1719–45)[edit]

War of the Polish Succession (1733–38)[edit]

Russo-Turkish wars (1735–74)[edit]

French and Indian War (1754–63)[edit]

Seven Years' War (1754–63)[edit]

American Revolutionary War (1775–83)[edit]

  • Daniel Bakeman (1759–1869) – United States. Alleged veteran. Awarded pension via Congress, though no support of service has been located.[46]
  • John Gray (1764–1868) – United States. Last verifiable veteran although period of service was too short for him for pension qualification.[47][46]
  • Samuel Downing (1764–1867) – United States.[46]
  • Lemuel Cook (1759–1866) – United States. Last official veteran; honorable discharge signed by George Washington.[46]

French Revolution (1789–99)[edit]

Irish Rebellion of 1798[edit]

19th century[edit]

Napoleonic Wars (1803–15)[edit]

  • Vincent Markiewicz (1795?–1903) – France. Last Polish veteran. Fought for Napoleon.[56] In 1912 there were three Polish men who claimed to have fought at Borodino, but it is unlikely they were real veterans due to lack of documentation and age ranges relatively high from 120 to 133.
  • Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788–1899) – France. Last Dutch veteran and verified veteran. Europe's oldest man at the time of his death. He fought for Napoleon in the 33ème Régiment Léger.[54]
  • Louis Victor Baillot (1793–1898) – France. Last veteran of the Battle of Waterloo. Also saw action at siege of Hamburg.[57][58]
  • Pedro Antonio Martínez Zia (1789?–1898) – Spain. Last veteran of the Battle of Trafalgar. Served in the navy aboard San Juan Nepomuceno.[59][60]
  • Lars Jespersen Kike (1796–1897) – Norway. Last Norwegian veteran of the Swedish-Norwegian War.[61][62]
  • Leonard Meesters (1796–1896) – France. Last Belgian veteran. Fought for Napoleon.[54]
  • Josephine Mazurkewicz (1794–1896) – France. Last female veteran. Assistant surgeon in Napoleon's army. Later partook in Crimean War.[54]
  • Sir Provo Wallis (1791–1892) – United Kingdom. Last Canadian veteran. Served in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and War of 1812.[63]
  • Maurice Shea (1795–1892) – United Kingdom. Last Irish veteran and last British Army participant of Waterloo. Served in the 73rd Foot.[64][65]
  • Vasilij Nikolaevich Kochetkov (1785?–1892) – Russia. Enlisted 7 March 1811. Served in Grenadier Lifeguard Regiment at Borodino. Served 66 1/2 years until 12 October 1877 when wounded out of service in the Russian-Ottoman War.[66]
  • Joseph Sutherland (1789–1890) – United Kingdom. Last English veteran. Served in the Royal Navy and was the last British survivor of Trafalgar.[67]

War of 1812 (1812–15)[edit]

  • Hiram Cronk (1800–1905) – United States. Served in a New York Infantry Regiment.[68]
  • Sir Provo Wallis (1791–1892) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy. Also a Napoleonic Wars veteran.[63]

Seminole Wars (1816–58)[edit]

Greek War of Independence (1821–32)[edit]

  • John W. Stainer (1808–1907) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy and was the last survivor of the Battle of Navarino.[70]

July Revolution (1830)[edit]

Belgian Revolution (1830–31)[edit]

Black Hawk War (1832)[edit]

  • Henry L. Riggs (1812–1911) – United States.[79]

Texas War of Independence (1835–36)[edit]

Rebellions of 1837[edit]

Mexican–American War (1846–1848)[edit]

Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49[edit]

  • József Fischl (1827–1929) — Hungary. Served at Isaszeg and Segesvár.[88]
  • István Lebo (1826–1928) — Hungary. Last resident of the Hungarian Veterans Home.[88]
  • Artúr Görgey (1818–1916) — Hungary. Last Hungarian General.

Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49)[edit]

First Schleswig War (1848–51)[edit]

  • Jørgen Jørgensen Birkholm (1829–1931) — Denmark.[90]
  • Detlef Marxen (1826–1930) — Germany.[91][92]

Crimean War (1853–56)[edit]

Indian Mutiny (1857–59)[edit]

New Zealand Wars (1845–72)[edit]

  • Thomas Baker (1853–1948) — British Empire. Served in the Armed Constabulary.[102]
  • Frank William Garner (1848–1941) — British Empire. Served in the Napier Artillery Volunteers. Participated in an attack on Omarunui in 1866.[103]
  • Edwin Bezar (1838–1936) — British Empire. Settled in New Zealand.
  • Te Huia Raureti (c.1840–1935) — Māori. Kīngitanga Warrior. Served under Chief Rewi Maniapoto in the defence of Ōrākau Pā.[104][105]

Second Italian War of Independence (1859)[edit]

American Civil War (1861–65)[edit]

Union[edit]

Confederacy[edit]

Name Claimed birth date Believed birth date Death date Status
Pleasant Crump 23 December 1847 31 December 1951 Verified
Felix M. Witkoski 5 January 1850 October 1854 3 February 1952 Dubious
Thomas Edwin Ross 19 July 1850 27 March 1952 Possible
Richard William Cumpston 23 May 1841 5 September 1952 Unknown
William Murphy Loudermilk[112] 23 October 1847[113] April 1851[114] 18 September 1952 Possible
William Joshua Uncle Josh Bush[115][116] 10 July 1845 July 1846 11 November 1952 Verified[117]
Arnold Murray[118] 10 June 1846 1842/1855[119] 26 November 1952 Possible[120]
William Daniel Uncle Eli Townsend[115][121] 12 April 1846 22 February 1953 Verified[122]
William Albert Kinney 10 February 1843/1846[123] 10 February 1861[124] 23 June 1953 Probable[125]
Thomas Evans Riddle 16 April 1846[126] 1862[127] 2 April 1954 Possible[128]

Most cases are questionable, though it should be remembered that many Confederate records were destroyed or lost to history. Unlike the U.S. military archives, the Confederate records had no official archive system after the war. However, for most of the cases investigated, the ages of the claimants alone were enough to prove their claim was false. Walter Williams was generally acknowledged as the "last Confederate veteran" in 1950s newspapers. However, in September 1959 an exposé by The New York Times revealed that he was in fact born in 1854 in Itawamba County, Mississippi, and not 1842 as claimed. Still, since Salling and all the other claimants were dead, Williams was celebrated as the last Confederate veteran after his death on 20 December 1959.[129]

Salling's own status is disputed. In 1991, William Marvel examined the claims of Salling and several other "last Civil War veterans" for a piece in the Civil War history magazine Blue & Gray. Marvel found census data that indicated Salling was born in 1858, not 1846. Although in 1900 Salling supplied a birthdate of March 1858, he appears to have been born around 1856, still too late to have served in the Confederate Army. The 1860 census lists him as 4 years old, and the 1870 census as 14.[130] William Lundy is listed as 1 year old on the 1860 census, and from 1870 until 1930 he gave census marshals ages that reflected birthdates as early as 1853 and as late as 1860. He did not push his birthdate back to the 1840s until he applied for a Confederate pension from the state of Florida. In the same piece, Marvel confirmed Woolson's claim to be the last surviving Union veteran and asserted that Woolson was the last genuine Civil War veteran on either side. However, Marvel did not present research establishing who, among the several other Confederate claims from the 1950s, some of which appear to be genuine, was the real last Confederate veteran.

French invasion of Mexico (1861–67)[edit]

January Uprising (1863–65)[edit]

Second Schleswig War (1864)[edit]

  • Ove Henning Jacobsen (1841–1941) – Denmark.[135]

Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–68)[edit]

Franco-Prussian War (1870–71)[edit]

Paris Commune (1871)[edit]

  • Adrien Lejeune (1847–1942) – Communards. Last Communard.[137][54]
  • Emile Chausse (1850–1941) – Communards. Left army and joined the communards in 1870.[138]
  • Antonin Desfarges (1851–1941) – Communards. Last député.[54]
  • Eugène François Louis Liné (1850–1940) – France.[139]

Third Anglo-Ashanti War (1873–74)[edit]

Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)[edit]

Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80)[edit]

  • Alfred Hawker (1858–1962) – British Empire. Served in the British Army.[142]

Zulu War (1879)[edit]

  • Harry Figg (1855–1953) – British Empire.
  • Charles Wallace Warden (c.1854–1953) – British Empire. Transferred to First Foot in 1874.[143]
  • Frank Bourne (1854–1945) – British Empire. Last survivor of Rorke's Drift.

War of the Pacific (1879–84)[edit]

First Boer War (1880–81)[edit]

Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)[edit]

Mahdist War (1882–99)[edit]

Nile Expedition (1884–85)[edit]

Northwest Rebellion (1885)[edit]

Cuban War of Independence (1895–98)[edit]

Spanish–American War (1898)[edit]

20th century[edit]

Second Boer War (1899–1902)[edit]

Philippine–American War (1899–1902)[edit]

Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)[edit]

Potemkin Mutiny (1905)[edit]

Russo-Japanese War (1904–05)[edit]

Macedonian Struggle (1904–08)[edit]

Mexican Revolution (1910–20)[edit]

Italo-Turkish War (1911–12)[edit]

  • Michele Traini (1892–c.1996) – Italy. Sent to Libya in 1912. Returned home following WWI.[172][173]
  • Luigi Gilardi (1892–1993) – Italy. Fought at the Battle of Sciara Sciatt. Also served in WWI and WWII.[174]

Balkan Wars (1912–13)[edit]

World War I (1914–18)[edit]

Main article: List of last surviving World War I veterans by country

Easter Rising (1916)[edit]

October Revolution (1917)[edit]

Russian Civil War (1917–22)[edit]

Russian participants:

Veterans of Allied Intervention:

  • Yasuichi Sasaki (1898–2006) – Japan. Discharged as a Corporal in 1920.[189]
  • Warren V. Hileman (1901–2005) – United States. Stationed in Vladivostok.[190][191]
  • Harold Edwin Radford (1897–2003) – Canada. Stationed in Vladivostok.[192]
  • Jean Piry (1896–2003) – France.[193][194]
  • Frank William Ivers (1902–2003) – United Kingdom. Last Naval veteran. Served in Royal Navy off Northern Russia.
  • Harold Gunnes (1899–2003) – United States. Last veteran Polar Bear Expedition. Saw action against the Bolsheviks on the USS Olympia in 1918.

Finnish Civil War (1918)[edit]

Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19)[edit]

German Revolution of 1918–19[edit]

Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–19)[edit]

Estonian War of Independence (1918–20)[edit]

Latvian War of Independence (1918–20)[edit]

Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–20)[edit]

Irish War of Independence (1919–21)[edit]

Polish–Soviet War (1919–21)[edit]

Silesian Uprisings (1919–21)[edit]

Polish–Lithuanian War (1919–20)[edit]

  • Česlovas Januškevičius (1900–2001) – Lithuania.[212]

Turkish War of Independence (1919–23)[edit]

Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)[edit]

  • Veysel Turan (1901–2007) – Turkey.
  • Napoleon Patricios (1899–2006) – Greece. Served on board the destroyer Ierax.[221]

Rif War (1920–1926)[edit]

Coto War (1921)[edit]

March on Rome (1922)[edit]

Irish Civil War (1922–23)[edit]

Northern Expedition (1926–28)[edit]

Cristero War (1926–29)[edit]

Nanchang Uprising (1927)[edit]

Brazilian Revolution of 1930[edit]

January 28 incident (1932)[edit]

  • Huang Shengyong (1905–2017) – Republic of China. Penultimate veteran of the 19th Route Army.[234][235]

Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  97. ^ "LAST SURVIVOR OF CRIMEA WAR DIES BUSTO ARSIZIO". newspaper. Sandusky, Ohio: The Sandusky Register. 28 May 1930. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  98. ^ "Hall of Fame: Balaclava Ned". BBC News. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
  99. ^ "BBC NEWS – England – Devon – Timmy the tortoise dies aged 160". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  100. ^ "ONLY ONE LEFT NOW – INDIAN MUTINY SURVIVOR". newspaper. Tweed Daily. July 13, 1939. p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  101. ^ "Fought In The Mutiny". newspaper. Voice. August 12, 1939. p. 8. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  102. ^ "VETERAN OF MAORI WARS". newspaper. 76 (14693). The Bay of Plenty Times. 10 June 1948. p. 4. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  103. ^ "MAJOR F. W. GARNER". newspaper. 132 (72). The Evening Post. 22 September 1941. p. 9. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  104. ^ "Last Survivor: Orakau Warriors". newspaper. 66 (140). The Auckland Star. 15 June 1935. p. 7. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  105. ^ "DEATH OF MAORI CHIEF". newspaper. 73 (22132). The Auckland Star. 11 June 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  106. ^ "Hero Celebrates 100th Birthday". newspaper. The Ogden Standard-Examiner. July 16, 1936. p. 4. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  107. ^ J. Marwil (2010). Visiting Modern War in Risorgimento Italy. Springer. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  108. ^ "NONAGENARIAN'S DEATH: Veteran of Garibaldi Campaigns". newspaper. The West Australian. August 31, 1936. p. 18.
  109. ^ "Campagnes de Crimée (1853–1856), d'Italie (1859), d'Afrique (1864), du Mexique (1862–1867)" (in French). derniersveterans.free.fr. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  110. ^ "Garibaldi Survivor". newspaper. The Barrier Miner. March 28, 1934. p. 4.
  111. ^ The Banner (1956). "Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War: Albert Woolson". Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
  112. ^ Polston, Mike. "WILLIAM LOUDERMILK, THE LAST CONFEDERATE". Couch Genealogy. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  113. ^ 'George Washington Loudermilk's Ancestors." Aline Loudermilk Jones compiled this massive genealogy 2007. It is online. The 1930 census also gives him a birth date consistent with late 1847. Between 1949 and his death in 1952 three Arkansas newspapers and four nation wide papers and magazines gave his age as being consistent with a birth date of late 1847 and 'The New York Times' was specific. The stories were not syndicated.
  114. ^ "1900 US Census gives age as 49. The censuses give Loudermilk a wide range of ages, some make him younger than a decade before, other age him nineteen years in ten". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  115. ^ a b "Last Surviving Confederate Veterans". Genealogy Trails. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  116. ^ "GEN William Joshua Jordan "Uncle Josh" Bush (1845–1952) – Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  117. ^ William Joshua Bush shows up as enlisted in Company B Ramah Guards, 14th Georgia Infantry where he served from July 1861 to his discharge that October. His service with the Georgia State Militia from October 1864 to their surrender in late April 1865 was also verified by the Georgia State Pensions in 1936 (see http://cdm.sos. state ga.us 2011/cdm/compoundobject collection/Testapps/id/149449/rec/1) apart from the muster rolls the adjutant-general verified his other documents. These include his soldier's card, a pay slip and his 1861 discharge. Between them these documents bear five different signatures. Bush may have also served in the 66th Georgia between August 1863 and October 1864.
  118. ^ "ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950". Sons of Confederate Veterans. 2005-08-05. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  119. ^ "ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950." Posted J. Block August 5th 2005. This article mentions the stated 1854/1855 census birthdate – and also the 1920 census birthdate for 1847–48. The censuses of 1910 1930 and 1940 also give 1840s birthdates. Life magazine in the May 30th issue on page 9 gives his age as 101. In The South's Last Boys in Gray Professor J S. Hoar lists twenty-two known enlisted Confederates under eleven. See pp1733-1734.
  120. ^ Find a Grave "Arnold Murray 1846–1952" has a civil War era photo of Arnold Murray as a young soldier. TennRebGirl.com 3/4/14 has him in a group photo at a 1913 Confederate reunion. In the 1930 census he affirmed both Civil War service and a birthdate in the later 1840s.
  121. ^ "William Daniel "Uncle Eli" Townsend (1846–1953) – Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  122. ^ Townsend's 1861 enlistment in Company B. 27th Louisiana Infantry is recorded on their muster roll in Andrew B. Booth's Military Records of Louisiana Confederate Soldiers and Louisiana Confederate Commands. and also in the LouisianaInfantryDataBase. ancestry.com has six primary source documents in his name; an 1862 sickness furlough, a clothing allocation, a Vicksburg prisoner of war roll where he is listed and his signed parole.
  123. ^ In Professor Jay S. Hoar's The South's Last Boy's in Gray(page 1700) he states that Kiney lied about his age by three years so as to be old enough to enlist. The 1850 census gives his age as four and his birthplace as Bracken County Kentucky. The first names of his parents in that document match those in a 1991 letter to Professor Hoar written by Kiney's granddaughter.
  124. ^ This birthdate comes from the February 1991 article "The Great Imposters" by William Marvel and is also in the 1900 and 1920 censuses for a man who spells his name Kinney. This birthdate also appears in a March 1920 marriage record for a William A. Kiney of Indianapolis. Kiney lived in this city. These documents are discussed in the entry "William A. Kiney" in the Find A Grave Forum.
  125. ^ Kiney has three primary source records of his enlistments apart from records kept by his family. In Official Records it states that he was in 5th Regiment Kentucky Mounted Infantry. This enlistment is also mentioned in Kentucky Adjutant General's Report – Confederate Volunteers 1861–1865, Vol.1 page 254 entry 80, where Kiney's enlistment is dated on November 1st 1861. Wikipedia's entry on this unit states that they were disbanded in October 1862 and the troops were given a three way choice, discharge, reenlistment or joining the Kentucky Cavalry. Kiney went with the last option as he enlisted in Company l of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry on 18th November 1863. (This extract is from the book The 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA by John B. Wells & Jim Pritchard. See Roster of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA www.potterflats.com10thKyhtml) Professor Hoare's segment on Kiney in The South's Last Boys in Gray reproduces an excerpt of Lloyd B. Walton's article "He's a Man Even at 109" from The Indianapolis Times September 14th 1952. Here Kiney speaks of his Civil War experience, recalling that he was in most of the war and that Shiloh was his toughest fight. Find a Graveshows his tombstone with the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry inscribed as his unit. They are not known to have had a muster roll.
  126. ^ This information comes from the 1850 census. Later censuses give a wide range of dates.
  127. ^ "1910 Census gives age as 48". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  128. ^ Thomas Evans Riddle is enlisted under his full name in the reproduced muster roll in Terry D. Lowry's History of the 22nd Virginia Infantry. He is also listed as just Thomas Riddle and in the same company in John C. Wayland's Muster Roll of Confederate Soldiers. He apparently transferred regiments for in Official Recordshe appears on the muster roll of Company I 33rd Virginia Infantry. John B. Sheets of that same company kept a diary where Thomas Riddle is mentioned on February 26th 1863. Against this evidence is the fact that Lowry cautions against believing Riddle and that some of Riddle's descendants warn that due to census information, he could not have served in the Civil War. See their website "Our Family" by David Autry.
  129. ^ Associated Press (20 December 1959). "Reputed Last Civil War Veteran Dies in Texas After Long Illness: Walter Williams Put His Age at 117 – Tributes Note the End of an Era". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  130. ^ Marvel, William (1991). The great imposters. VIII. Columbus: Blue and Gray. pp. 32–33.
  131. ^ "légion d'honneur". Journal officiel de la République française. 12 January 1937. p. 508. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  132. ^ "Murio Ayer el Ultimo Veterano del 5 de Mayo" (PDF) (in Spanish). Gobierno Municipal de Puebla. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  133. ^ "légion d'honneur". Journal officiel de la République française. 10 January 1932. p. 283. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  134. ^ Jakubik, Marian; Kołodziejczyk, Arkadiusz (2002). Żołnierska danina życia od 1657 roku (in Polish). IHAP. p. 158. ISBN 978-83-87088-59-0.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  135. ^ Personalhistorisk tidsskrift (in Danish). Society for Danish Genealogy and Staff History. 2003. p. 29. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  136. ^ "Inventory Search". nam.ac.uk. National Army Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  137. ^ Bowd, Gavin (2007). Le dernier communard: Adrien Lejeune (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-02974-3.
  138. ^ Bowd, Gavin (2007). Le dernier communard: Adrien Lejeune (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-02974-3.
  139. ^ "Les obsèques de M. Liné" (in French). Le Journal de l'Orne. 10 February 1940. p. 2. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  140. ^ "OBSERVANCE OF EMPIRE DAY". newspaper. The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 May 1947. p. 5. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  141. ^ "Mr. Figg, Zulu War Veteran, Dies". newspaper. The Sunday Herald. 24 May 1953. p. 5. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  142. ^ McWhirter, Ross and Norris (editors) (1972). The Guinness Book of Records. Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 196. ISBN 0 900424 06 0.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
  143. ^ Warre, H.J. (1878). Historical records of the Fifty-seventh, or, West Middlesex Regiment of Foot. W. Mitchell and Co. p. 229.
  144. ^ El Archivo de la noticia de Chile y el mundo (in Spanish). Editorial Serojedo. 1967. p. 136. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  145. ^ Chile. Congreso Nacional. Senado (1965). Diario de sesiones del Senado (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional. p. 1037. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  146. ^ Hispano Americano: semanario de la vida y la verdad (in Spanish). 50. Tiempo S.A. de C.V. 1966. p. 72. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  147. ^ "Last Survivor". South African Digest. No. 14. Department of Information. 1967. p. 3.
  148. ^ "COLONEL ALBERT CANNING, C.M.G.,". newspaper. Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette. 24 November 1960. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  149. ^ "LAST SURVIVOR OF EGYPTIAN WAR". newspaper. The Glasgow Herald. 19 August 1958. p. 8. Retrieved 2013-05-06.
  150. ^ Pugh, R. J. M. (2011). Wingate Pasha: The Life of General Sir Francis Reginald Wingate 1861–1953. Pen and Sword. p. 83.
  151. ^ "FOUGHT AGAINST RIEL". newspaper. The Brandon Sun. March 8, 1966. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
  152. ^ Mlazgar, Brian. "JACKSON, WILLIAM HENRY (1861–1952)". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  153. ^ Beruvides, Esteban M. (1990). Cuba: Anuario Histórico (in Spanish). AD Ventures International. p. 28. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  154. ^ Brown, Heidi Nolte (20 January 1991). "Last of Buffalo Soldiers, Finds Modern Times Rough". newspaper. The Associated Press. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  155. ^ "AURELIO DIAZ CAMPILLO: EL ULTIMO DE CUBA". newspaper (in Spanish). ABC. 23 October 1977. p. 130. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  156. ^ Noriega, Ignacio Gracia (18 June 1989). "El tío Aurelio de Tielve" (in Spanish). La Nueva España. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  157. ^ United Spanish War Veterans (1979). Proceedings of the Stated Convention of the 81st National Encampment. 81. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 110. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  158. ^ Davies, David Twiston (1996). Canada from afar: the Daily telegraph book of Canadian obituaries. Dundurn Group. pp. 1–3.
  159. ^ Heaton, Colin; Lewis, Anne-Marie (2014). Four War Boer: The Century and Life of Pieter Arnoldus Krueler. Casemate.
  160. ^ "Nathan E. Cook, 106;America's Oldest Known War Veteran". Los Angeles Times. September 12, 1992. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  161. ^ "Ivan Beshoff, Last Survivor Of Mutiny on the Potemkin". newspaper. The New York Times. 28 October 1987. p. 11. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  162. ^ Koh, Barbara (25 November 1990). "Breaking the Long Silence : Mamoru Eto". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  163. ^ "Alex Gory Park". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  164. ^ a b "Ο τελευταίος Μακεδονομάχος Χρήστος Παπαντωνίου" (Magazine) (in Greek) (352). Macedonian Life. 1995. Archived from the original on 2013-07-02.
  165. ^ "Juan Carlos Caballero Vega". The Daily Telegraph. 9 April 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  166. ^ Santiago, Jesús Alejo (27 March 2015). "Las esculturas en madera de un zapatista" (in Spanish). Milenio. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  167. ^ Servin, Fernando Camacho (13 February 2005). "De nada sirvió lo que se hizo en la Revolución" (in Spanish). La Jornada. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  168. ^ Texas Monthly (November 1988). "Rafael Lorenzana" (magazine). 16 (11). Emmis Communications: 125. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  169. ^ Hudson, Elizabeth (21 November 1988). "A FEW WHO WERE THERE RECALL MEXICO'S REVOLUTION". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  170. ^ Associated Press (26 April 1999). "Last known Mexican to fight rebel Pancho Villa dead at 110". CNN. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  171. ^ Ravo, Nick (1 May 1999). "Teodoro Garcia, 110; Fought Villa on the Government Side". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  172. ^ Capodarca, Valido (4 January 2017). "E I NOSTRI SOLDATI IN LIBIA? COSA FACEVANO NEL FRATTEMPO?" (in Italian). A.N.M.I.G. Barletta. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  173. ^ Capodarca, Valido, ed. (1994). "La Guerra Italo-Turca (1911–1912". IMMAGINI ED EVOLUZIONE DEL CORPO AUTOMOBILISTICO (in Italian). Vol. 1. Rivista Militare. p. 58. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  174. ^ Airuno Archivio della Memoria. "Foto di gruppo pattuglia di carabinieri" (in Italian). BRIGcoop. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  175. ^ Iancu, Mariana (December 17, 2016). "Povestea ultimului supravieţuitor român al Primului Război Mondial. A murit uitat de stat, în cel mai crunt anonimat" (in Romanian). Adevărul. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  176. ^ Danailov, George (2002). Доколкото си спомням (in Bulgarian). ABAGAR JSC.
  177. ^ McLachlan, Mat (2015). Gallipoli: The Battlefield Guide. Hachette, Australia. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  178. ^ "ÇANAKKALE ZAFERİ'NİN 96. YIL DÖNÜMÜ -ETKİNLİKLER KAPSAMINDA İSTİKLAL GAZİSİ HÜSEYİN KAÇMAZ'IN OĞLU TURGUT KAÇMAZ'IN "SAKLI HATIRALAR" FOTOĞRAF SERGİSİ AÇILDI" (in Turkish). TRT Haber. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  179. ^ Петнаестогодишњица упокојења Митрополита црногорско-приморског Г. Данила (1895–1993) (in Serbian). Serbian Orthodox Church. September 12, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  180. ^ Van Emden, Richard. "John 'Jack' Rogers". Britain's Last Tommies. WordPress.com. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  181. ^ Richardson, Neil (2015). According to their Lights. The Collins Press.
  182. ^ Friel, Laura (April 16, 1998). "The story of Lily Kempson and her fight for freedom". Republican News. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  183. ^ "The Four Courts Reilly's Fort". IrishMedals.org. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  184. ^ "Four Court Garrison: Roll of Honor". 1916 Rebellion Museum. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  185. ^ McCarthy, Mark (2016). Ireland's 1916 Rising: Explorations of History-Making, Commemoration & Heritage in Modern Times. Routledge. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  186. ^ a b "Boris Gudz". The Times. 24 January 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  187. ^ Makhkamova, Uliana (11 May 2007). "Сталинский прокурор: Он был назначен Сталиным. Но до сих пор не может простить ему ошибок и разделяет с ним его вину". Rossiyskaya Gazeta (in Russian). Government of Russia. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  188. ^ Вестник РОВС (2004). "НИКОЛАЙ ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧ ФЁДОРОВ (1901–2003)". magazine (in Russian). Russian All-Military Union (8–9). Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  189. ^ "佐々木安一さん106歳" (in Japanese). Sunday Yamaguchi. 15 September 2004. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  190. ^ Rush, Linda (3 February 2005). "STATE'S 'LAST' WORLD WAR I VETERAN DIES: WARREN V. HILEMAN DIED SUNDAY IN ANNA AT 103". The Southern. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  191. ^ McCormick, John (5 February 2005). "103-year-old vet last of a breed". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  192. ^ "First war veteran dies in Halifax at 106". The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2003. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  193. ^ "A Toast to B.C.'s Senior Senior". newspaper. Vancouver Sun. 3 January 2003. p. 21. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  194. ^ "Births & Deaths". newspaper. Vancouver Sun. 1 April 2003. p. 67. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  195. ^ Saukkonen, Eila (1 January 2018). "Nuori mies selvisi sisällissodan ensimmäisestä joukkoteloituksesta – hänestä tuli myöhemmin paperitehtaan johtaja" (in Finnish). Aamulehti. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  196. ^ Tietotoimisto, Suomen (16 January 2009). "Viimeinen sisällissodan veteraani kuoli 111-vuotiaana" (in Finnish). Uusi Suomi. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  197. ^ Dariusz, Roszak (20 March 2007). "JAN RZEPA" (in Polish). Gazeta Wyborcza. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  198. ^ "Kronika Wielkopolski" (magazine) (in Polish) (113–116). Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. 2005: 203. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  199. ^ Sulanke, Alexander (18 March 2009). "Schlagzeuger (fast 18) trifft Flötisten (108)" [A life full of music – since 108 years] (in German). Hamburger Abendblatt. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  200. ^ Yakel, Roman (14 November 2008). "Останній громадянин ЗУНР" (in Ukrainian). Dzerkalo Tyzhnia. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  201. ^ "ОСТАННІЙ ГРОМАДЯНИН ЗУНР ЖИВЕ У ЧЕРНІВЦЯХ" (in Ukrainian). Television News Service (TSN). 1 November 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  202. ^ Pierończyk, Jolanta (14 May 2007). "Aleksander Sałacki skończył 103 lata" (in Polish). NaszeMiasto.pl. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  203. ^ Strzoda, Ewa (15 April 2008). "Odszedł niezwykły tyszanin" (PDF) (in Polish). Twoje Tychy. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  204. ^ "Suri viimane Vabadussõja veteran Ants Ilus" (in Estonian). Postimees. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  205. ^ "IN MEMORIAM Vabadussõja veteran Ants Ilus 1901–2006" (in Estonian). Kaitseliit. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  206. ^ Pihlak, Jaak (2005). "PILISTVERE KIHELKOND JA VABADUSE RISTI VENNAD" (PDF) (in Estonian). Viljandi Muuseum. pp. 107–108. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  207. ^ Leitis, Aivars (2005). Tīrradņi: naivā māksla Latvijā (in Latvian). Neputns. p. 199. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  208. ^ Baltic News Network (16 August 2003). "ASV miris pēdējais Lāčplēša ordeņa kavalieris" (in Latvian). Delfi. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  209. ^ Lietuvos žinios (2005). "Mirė paskutinis Nepriklausomybės kovų savanoris" (in Lithuanian). Delfi News. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  210. ^ Urbonavičiūtė, Romualda (13 March 2010). "Lietuvos istorijos viražai: Vyčio Kryžius". Šiaulių naujienos. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  211. ^ "ČIKAGOS AIDE RAŠOMA" (in Lithuanian). Association of Local Government Municipalities of Lithuania. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  212. ^ a b Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, VIII t. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedias publishing institute, 2005. T.8: Imhof-Junusas.
  213. ^ a b "Irish Civil War veteran dies at 105". BBC News. 3 October 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  214. ^ Arthur, Max (2014). Last Post: The Final Word From Our First World War Soldiers. Orion Publishing Group.
  215. ^ Smith, David (13 November 2004). "Last veterans to tell their war stories". The Observer. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  216. ^ "RIC's last survivor dies". newspaper. The News Letter. 4 January 2002. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  217. ^ Blumenthal, Ralph (4 May 2014). "An Ever-Curious Spirit, Unbeaten After 111 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  218. ^ Książek, Mirosława (1 January 2009). "Wilusiowi stuknie 105 lat!" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  219. ^ "Odszedł najstarszy Ślązak". Dziennik Zachodni (in Polish). Nowiny. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  220. ^ "Son gazi Mustafa Şekip Birgöl vefat etti" (in Turkish). Milliyet. November 11, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  221. ^ "Napoleon Patricios (1899–2006)". Geni.com. Retrieved 2015-07-26.
  222. ^ Gomez, Shirley (31 January 2018). "World's Oldest Man Dead At 113: Francisco Núñez Olivera Was Veteran Of Spanish Civil War". The Latin Times. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  223. ^ Del Campo, Eduard (January 24, 2016). "El abuelo del planeta es español" (in Spanish). El Mundo. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  224. ^ Collazos S., Gaspar (16 December 1999). "¡Gánese usted este bello laurel, doña Mireya!" (in Spanish). Panamá América. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  225. ^ Cádiz, Vielka (11 April 1999). "Un sobreviviente cuenta su historia" (in Spanish). Panamá América. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  226. ^ Miguel A Fanovich; City Hall of David; Ministry of Public Works. Parque al Ultimo Soldado de La Guerra de Coto (Plaque in park) (in Spanish). David, Chiriquí. Parque al Ultimo Soldado de la Guerra de Coto en Memoria "Del Soldado Reinel Cianca". 19 Oct 1901–24 Sep 2002. La Comunidad Agradece la Gesta Heroica al Ultimo Soldado de La Guerra de Coto
  227. ^ Frattina, Giannino (3 January 2009). "Varese, è morto l'ultimo veterano della Marcia su Roma: aveva 105 anni" (in Italian). il Giornale. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  228. ^ "War of Independence veteran dies aged 105". The Irish Times. 18 September 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  229. ^ Chen Lingshen (1 January 2018). "他参加过抗日战争, 是国民革命军19路军唯一健在者, 现年105岁". SINA Corporation. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  230. ^ Marina, Diego Lopez (11 March 2016). "Last known Cristero soldier in Mexico dies at 103". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  231. ^ Jocelyn, Ed (26 November 2008). "General Xiao Ke: The last surviving commander of the Red Army's Long March". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  232. ^ "Field Marshal Waldemar Levy Cardoso: Brazilian army officer". The Times. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  233. ^ "Morre no Rio, aos 108 anos, último marechal do País" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. 13 May 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  234. ^ "广东112岁抗战老兵离世 生前常拉二胡演奏抗战歌曲" (in Chinese). Chinese News Network. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  235. ^ China Radio Network (10 February 2015). Zhiqiang, Li, ed. "淞沪抗战老兵六代同堂过110岁生日" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
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