List of supercentenarians by continent

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A supercentenarian (sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian) is someone who has lived to or passed their 110th birthday. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians.[1] Anderson et al. concluded that supercentenarians live a life typically free of major age-related diseases until shortly before maximum human lifespan is reached (theoretically estimated to be 126 years).[2]

European supercentenarians[edit]

European supercentenarians are residents or emigrants from Europe who have attained or surpassed 110 years of age. As of January 2015, the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) had validated the longevity claims of more than 600 European supercentenarians.[3] The oldest living person in Europe is Maria Giuseppa Robucci from Italy, born 20 March 1903, aged 115 years, 325 days.

The oldest European ever, and the world's oldest person, was Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment, who lived 122 years, 164 days.[a] The oldest European man ever was Christian Mortensen from Denmark, who emigrated to the United States where he died at the age of 115 years, 252 days. The oldest non-emigrant European man was Spaniard Joan Riudavets Moll, who lived 114 years and 81 days.

Beyond the 50 oldest Europeans in aggregate, there are more detailed lists of the oldest Belgian, British, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish people.

Oldest European people ever[edit]

Below is a list of the oldest 50 supercentenarians who have died or are living in Europe. The list including all known and validated supercentenarians who died before 2015 was compiled by the Gerontology Research Group (GRG).[4] Later cases were sourced either from more recent GRG data,[5] from administrative reports or from press coverage, as indicated in the table. Unranked entries have not been validated by the GRG, which only publishes recent cases above 112 years old.

  Deceased   Living

Rank Name[b] Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country
1 Jeanne Calment F 21 February 1875[a] 4 August 1997 122 years, 164 days[a] France
2 Emma Morano[5] F 29 November 1899 15 April 2017 117 years, 137 days Italy
3 Ana María Vela Rubio[5] F 29 October 1901 15 December 2017 116 years, 47 days Spain
4 Giuseppina Projetto[5] F 30 May 1902 6 July 2018 116 years, 37 days Italy
5 Maria Giuseppa Robucci[5] F 20 March 1903 Living 115 years, 325 days Italy
6 Charlotte Hughes F 1 August 1877 17 March 1993 115 years, 228 days United Kingdom
7 Maria de Jesus F 10 September 1893 2 January 2009 115 years, 114 days Portugal
8 Marie Josephine Gaudette[5] F 25 March 1902 13 July 2017 115 years, 110 days Italy[c]
9 Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper F 29 June 1890 30 August 2005 115 years, 62 days Netherlands
10 Marie Brémont F 25 April 1886 6 June 2001 115 years, 42 days France
11 Annie Jennings F 12 November 1884 20 November 1999 115 years, 8 days United Kingdom
12 Lucile Randon[5] F 11 February 1904 Living 114 years, 362 days France
13 Eva Morris F 8 November 1885 2 November 2000 114 years, 360 days United Kingdom
14 Maria do Couto Maia F 24 October 1890 25 July 2005 114 years, 274 days Portugal
Maria Vikentyevna Kononovich[6][7] F 27 May 1904 Living 114 years, 257 days Belarus
15 Venere Pizzinato-Papo F 23 November 1896 2 August 2011 114 years, 252 days Italy[d]
16 Ethel Lang[5] F 27 May 1900 15 January 2015 114 years, 233 days United Kingdom
17 María Antonia Castro F 10 June 1881 16 January 1996 114 years, 220 days Spain
18 Anna Eliza Williams F 2 June 1873 27 December 1987 114 years, 208 days United Kingdom
19 Lydie Vellard F 18 March 1875 17 September 1989 114 years, 183 days France
20 Gabrielle des Robert[5] F 4 June 1904 3 December 2018 114 years, 182 days France
21 Camille Loiseau F 13 February 1892 12 August 2006 114 years, 180 days France
22 Anne Primout F 5 October 1890 26 March 2005 114 years, 172 days France[e]
23 Lucy Jane Askew F 8 September 1883 9 December 1997 114 years, 92 days United Kingdom
24 María Carmen del López F 3 April 1883 3 July 1997 114 years, 91 days Spain
25 Honorine Rondello[5] F 28 July 1903 19 October 2017 114 years, 83 days France
26 Joan Riudavets Moll M 15 December 1889 5 March 2004 114 years, 81 days Spain
27 Florrie Baldwin F 31 March 1896 8 May 2010 114 years, 38 days United Kingdom
28 Jeanne Bot[5] F 14 January 1905 Living 114 years, 25 days France
29 Amy Hulmes F 5 October 1887 27 October 2001 114 years, 22 days United Kingdom
Marie Brudieux[8] F 26 March 1901 2 April 2015 114 years, 7 days France
30 Marie-Thérèse Bardet F 2 June 1898 8 June 2012 114 years, 6 days France
31 Virginia Dighero F 24 December 1891 28 December 2005 114 years, 4 days Italy
32 Maria Redaelli-Granoli F 3 April 1899 2 April 2013 113 years, 364 days Italy
33 Grace Adelaide Jones F 7 December 1899 14 November 2013 113 years, 342 days United Kingdom
34 Olive Boar[5] F 29 September 1904 28 August 2018 113 years, 333 days United Kingdom
35 Olympe Amaury[5] F 19 June 1901 12 May 2015 113 years, 327 days France
36 Bessie Camm[5] F 20 June 1904 11 May 2018 113 years, 325 days United Kingdom
37 Rosa Ann Comfort F 21 January 1879 6 November 1992 113 years, 290 days United Kingdom
38 Marcelle Narbonne F 25 March 1898 1 January 2012 113 years, 282 days France[e]
39 Clémentine Solignac F 7 September 1894 25 May 2008 113 years, 261 days France
40 Huguette Masson[5] F 27 June 1904 5 March 2018 113 years, 251 days France
41 Carmen Figueiró-Freiría F 28 October 1883 25 May 1997 113 years, 209 days Spain
42 Geertje Kuijntjes[5] F 19 July 1905 Living 113 years, 204 days Netherlands
43 Manuela Fernández-Fojaco F 18 June 1895 6 January 2009 113 years, 202 days Spain
Katerina Kornarou[9] F 25 July 1905 Living 113 years, 198 days Greece
44 Lucy d'Abreu F 24 May 1892 7 December 2005 113 years, 197 days United Kingdom[f]
45 Germaine Haye F 10 October 1888 18 April 2002 113 years, 190 days France
46 Marie-Simone Capony F 14 March 1894 15 September 2007 113 years, 185 days France
47 Gladys Hooper[5] F 18 January 1903 9 July 2016 113 years, 173 days United Kingdom
48 Maria Gravigi de Candia F 3 March 1900 15 August 2013 113 years, 165 days Italy
49 Teresa Fumarola-Ligorio F 2 December 1889 14 May 2003 113 years, 163 days Italy
50 Daisy Adams F 30 June 1880 8 December 1993 113 years, 161 days United Kingdom

Oldest European emigrants ever[edit]

Below is a list of the oldest five supercentenarians born in Europe who emigrated to another continent and either died or are still living there.

Rank Name[b] Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
1 Dina Manfredini F 4 April 1897 17 December 2012 115 years, 257 days Italy United States
2 Christian Mortensen M 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days Denmark United States
3 Augusta Holtz F 3 August 1871 21 October 1986 115 years, 79 days Germany[g] United States
4 Goldie Steinberg[5] F 30 October 1900 16 August 2015 114 years, 290 days Moldova[h] United States
5 Grace Clawson F 15 November 1887 28 May 2002 114 years, 194 days United Kingdom United States

African supercentenarians[edit]

This is an incomplete list of African supercentenarians (people from Africa who have attained the age of at least 110 years). One source of lifespans is the Gerontology Research Group (GRG).[5] There have been, inclucing emigrants, 8 verified supercentenarians from Africa. The oldest person ever to die in Africa was Maria Diaz, aged 113 years, 249 days at the time of her death. The oldest person on record ever born in Africa was Adelina Domingues, who died in the USA, aged 114 years, 183 days.

In Africa[edit]

Below is an incomplete list of supercentenarians who have died or are living in Africa.

Rank Name[b] Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Marie-Isabelle Diaz F 22 February 1898 29 October 2011 113 years, 249 days French Algeria Réunion, France
2 Julia Sinédia-Cazour F 12 July 1892 6 October 2005 113 years, 86 days Réunion Réunion
3 Johanna Booysen F 17 January 1857 16 June 1968 111 years, 151 days South Africa South Africa

African emigrant supercentenarians[edit]

Below is an incomplete list of supercentenarians born in Africa who have died or are living on another continent.

Rank Name[b] Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
1 Adelina Domingues F 19 February 1888 21 August 2002 114 years, 183 days Cape Verde[i] United States
2 Anne Primout F 5 October 1890 26 March 2005 114 years, 172 days French Algeria[e] France
3 Marcelle Narbonne F 25 March 1898 1 January 2012 113 years, 282 days French Algeria[e] France
4 Consuelo Moreno-López F 5 February 1893 13 November 2004 111 years, 282 days Spanish Morocco[j] United States
5 Emile Fourcade M 29 July 1884 29 December 1995 111 years, 153 days French Algeria[e] France
Jeanne Hue[10] F 2 October 1895 5 May 2006 110 years, 215 days Tunisia[k] France
Virginia Monteiro[11] F 28 March 1895 7 April 2005 110 years, 10 days Cape Verde[l] United States

Asian supercentenarians[edit]

This is an incomplete list of supercentenarians who were born or died in Asia, or are living there. According to the Gerontology Research Group, the verified oldest Asian person ever was Nabi Tajima of Japan, who died on 21 April 2018, aged 117 years, 260 days.[5] The verified oldest man is Jiroemon Kimura, also from Japan, who died on 12 June 2013, aged 116 years, 54 days. As of 8 February 2019, the oldest living person in Asia is Kane Tanaka of Japan, born 2 January 1903, aged 116 years, 37 days.

The vast majority of verified Asian cases of supercentenarians come from Japan, which has kept birth records for more than a century, while other Asian countries have historically been less meticulous about keeping such records. According to The Washington Post, China and India have many supercentenarians, but none are confirmed, as their governments did not track births prior to the early 1900s.[12] There have been 3 verified emigrant supercentenarians from Asia, the oldest of whom is Indian woman Lucy d'Abreu who died in the United Kingdom on 7 December 2005, aged 113 years, 197 days.

Japan[edit]

Main article: List of Japanese supercentenarians

Notable supercentenarians from other Asian countries[edit]

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Yisrael Kristal[5] M 15 September 1903 11 August 2017 113 years, 330 days Congress Poland,
Russian Empire 		Israel
Shivakumara Swami[13] M 1 April 1907[14] 21 January 2019 111 years, 295 days Mysore, British Raj India
Zhou Youguang[15] M 13 January 1906 14 January 2017 111 years, 1 day Qing China China
Qin Hanzhang[16][17] M 19 February 1908 Living 110 years, 354 days Qing China China
Nicholas Kao Se Tseien[18] M 15 January 1897 11 December 2007 110 years, 330 days Qing China China
Huang Mulan[19] F 9 July 1906 7 February 2017 110 years, 213 days Qing China China
Zheng Ji[20] M 6 May 1900 29 July 2010 110 years, 84 days Qing China China

Oldest Asian emigrants ever[edit]

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Lucy d'Abreu[4] F 24 May 1892 7 December 2005 113 years, 197 days Mysore, British Raj
(now India) 		United Kingdom
2 Ito Konno Kinase[4] F 31 December 1889 24 January 2003 113 years, 24 days Japan United States
3 Ethel Farrell[5] F 27 November 1902 20 December 2015 113 years, 23 days British Raj Australia
Juliana Young Koo[21] F 26 September 1905 24 May 2017 111 years, 240 days Qing China United States
Henry Tseng[22] M 12 July 1907 Living 111 years, 211 days Japan United States
Zenson Nakahodo[23] M 8 May 1908 Living 110 years, 276 days Japan Peru

Supercentenarians in Oceania[edit]

Below is a list of supercentenarians who have died or are living in Oceania. The list including all known and validated supercentenarians who died before 2015 was compiled by the Gerontology Research Group (GRG).[4] Later cases were sourced either from more recent GRG data,[5] from administrative reports or from press coverage, as indicated in the table. Unranked entries have not been validated by the GRG, which only publishes recent cases above 112 years old.

  Deceased   Living

Rank Name[b] Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Christina Cock F 25 December 1887 22 May 2002 114 years, 148 days Australia Australia
2 Beatrice Mears F 4 March 1888 3 December 2001 113 years, 274 days Australia Australia
3 Florence Finch F 22 December 1893 10 April 2007 113 years, 109 days United Kingdom New Zealand
4 Ethel Farrell[5] F 27 November 1902 20 December 2015 113 years, 23 days India[m] Australia
5 Molly Yeomans F 1 July 1888 30 May 2001 112 years, 333 days Australia Australia
6 Caroline Mockridge F 11 December 1874 6 November 1987 112 years, 330 days Australia Australia
7 Myra Nicholson F 14 December 1894 20 September 2007 112 years, 280 days Australia Australia
8 Violet[5] "Vi"[4] Robbins F 28 February 1902 8 October 2014 112 years, 222 days Australia Australia
9 E. Beatrice Riley F 13 October 1896 15 May 2009 112 years, 214 days Australia Australia
10 Margaret Vivian F 25 February 1906 21 September 2018 112 years, 208 days United Kingdom Australia
11 Jane Gray F 1 December 1901 7 June 2014 112 years, 188 days United Kingdom Australia
12 Marie-Louise L'Huillier F 26 June 1895 28 December 2007 112 years, 185 days New Caledonia, France New Caledonia
13 Jessie Hurley F 15 June 1890 6 August 2002 112 years, 52 days Australia Australia
14 Miriam Schmierer F 20 August 1899 29 September 2011 112 years, 40 days Australia Australia
15 Myrtle Jones F 18 April 1897 12 January 2009 111 years, 269 days Australia Australia
16 Stella Correll F 23 December 1888 7 September 2000 111 years, 259 days Australia Australia
17 Jane Piercy F 2 September 1869 3 May 1981 111 years, 243 days Australia Australia
Marjorie Cooke[24][25] F 5 January 1906 1 September 2017 111 years, 239 days Australia Australia
Thelma McLeod[26] F 13 February 1907 19 July 2018 111 years, 156 days Australia Australia
18 Jack Lockett M 22 January 1891 25 May 2002 111 years, 123 days Australia Australia
19 Eva McConnell F 5 May 1901 15 August 2012 111 years, 102 days Australia Australia
20 Alice Lindsay F 31 March 1893 1 July 2004 111 years, 92 days Australia Australia
Mary Whitehurst[27] F 20 October 1905 2 January 2017 111 years, 74 days United Kingdom Australia
Madeline Anderson[28] F 4 May 1907 19 June 2018 111 years, 46 days New Zealand New Zealand
21 Ada Cleggett F 27 January 1885 8 December 1995 110 years, 315 days Australia Australia
22 Doreen Washington F 24 May 1898 4 February 2009 110 years, 256 days Australia Australia
Helen Stamelos[29] F 30 November 1906 7 August 2017 110 years, 250 days Greece Australia
Maudie Wilson[30] F 23 March 1903 24 October 2013 110 years, 215 days New Zealand New Zealand
23 Marie Piacentino F 25 November 1888 21 June 1999 110 years, 208 days Italy Australia
24 Mary Hurley F 4 May 1880 16 November 1990 110 years, 196 days Australia Australia
25 Catherine Lawrence F 8 December 1902 16 June 2013 110 years, 190 days Australia Australia
Peg Griffin[31] F 25 May 1904 6 October 2014 110 years, 134 days New Zealand New Zealand
Evelyn Vigor[32][33] F 9 January 1906 26 April 2016 110 years, 108 days Australia Australia
Jean McCarthy[34] F 4 May 1908 12 August 2018 110 years, 100 days Australia Australia
26 John Campbell Ross M 11 March 1899 3 June 2009 110 years, 84 days Australia Australia
Linda Wiggins[35] F 17 September 1908 2 December 2018 110 years, 76 days New Zealand New Zealand
27 Blanche Coward F 17 December 1901 27 February 2012 110 years, 72 days United Kingdom Australia
28 Claude Choules M 3 March 1901 5 May 2011 110 years, 63 days United Kingdom Australia
29 Ethel Booth F 25 December 1890 18 February 2001 110 years, 55 days New Zealand[n] New Zealand
Phyllis Lee [36] F 3 November 1907 20 December 2017 110 years, 47 days United Kingdom Australia
30 Ada Sharp F 6 April 1861 15 May 1971 110 years, 39 days Australia Australia
Avis Sheedy[37] F 25 May 1908 25 June 2018 110 years, 31 days Australia Australia

North American supercentenarians[edit]

United States[edit]

Main article: List of American supercentenarians

Canada[edit]

Main article: List of Canadian supercentenarians

Other North American countries and territories[edit]

  Deceased   Living
Unranked entries have not yet been validated by the GRG.

Rank Name[b] Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Violet Brown[5] F 10 March 1900 15 September 2017 117 years, 189 days Jamaica,
British West Indies 		Jamaica
2 Emiliano Mercado del Toro M 21 August 1891 24 January 2007 115 years, 156 days Puerto Rico, Spain Puerto Rico, USA
3 Antonia Gerena Rivera[5] F 19 May 1900 2 June 2015 115 years, 14 days Puerto Rico, USA Puerto Rico, USA
4 Ramona Trinidad
Iglesias-Jordan 		F 31 August 1889 29 May 2004 114 years, 272 days Puerto Rico, Spain Puerto Rico, USA
5 Eugénie Blanchard F 16 February 1896 4 November 2010 114 years, 261 days Guadeloupe, France Saint Barthélemy, France
6 Dominga Velasco[5] F 12 May 1901 11 October 2015 114 years, 152 days Mexico United States
7 Soledad Mexia F 13 August 1899 30 August 2013 114 years, 17 days Mexico United States
8 Luce Maced F 2 May 1886 25 February 2000 113 years, 299 days Guadeloupe Martinique, France
Ursula Krigger[38] F 22 April 1902 10 September 2015 113 years, 141 days Danish West Indies U.S. Virgin Islands[o]
9 James Sisnett M 22 February 1900 23 May 2013 113 years, 90 days Barbados,
British West Indies 		Barbados
10 Bienvenida Vergara
Jaen de Cano[5] 		F 6 April 1904 6 June 2017 113 years, 61 days Panama Panama
11 Julie Montabord[5] F 17 April 1906 Living 112 years, 297 days Martinique Martinique
12 Irénise Moulonguet F 6 November 1900 28 May 2013 112 years, 203 days Martinique Martinique
13 Ambrosia Acosta-Teran[5] F 21 February 1904 25 August 2016 112 years, 186 days Mexico Mexico
14 Clara Cedeño-Tello[5] F 12 August 1906 Living 112 years, 180 days Panama Panama
15 Brigida Dearroyo F 7 October 1888 31 December 2000 112 years, 85 days Puerto Rico, Spain Puerto Rico, USA
16 Mathilde Octavie Tafna F 16 March 1895 1 May 2007 112 years, 46 days Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
17 Félicité Jandia F 12 February 1881 7 December 1992 111 years, 299 days Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
18 Rosalind Hill F 30 March 1899 18 January 2010 110 years, 294 days Saint Kitts and Nevis,
British West Indies 		United States
19 Louise Bilon F 15 August 1896 25 January 2007 110 years, 163 days Martinique Martinique
20 Ismène Baffard F 24 October 1898 4 March 2009 110 years, 131 days Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
21 Véronique Louis-Sidney F 23 June 1900 13 August 2010 110 years, 51 days Martinique Martinique

South American supercentenarians[edit]

  Deceased   Living
Unranked entries have not yet been validated by the GRG.

Rank Name[b] Sex Birth date Death date Age[†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Maria Capovilla F 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years, 347 days Ecuador Ecuador
2 Maria Gomes Valentim F 9 July 1896 21 June 2011 114 years, 347 days Brazil Brazil
3 Eudoxie Baboul[5] F 1 October 1901 1 July 2016 114 years, 274 days French Guiana[p] French Guiana
4 Luzia Mohrs[5] F 23 March 1904 16 October 2017 113 years, 207 days Germany Brazil
5 Alida Victória Grubba Rudge[5] F 10 July 1903 23 December 2016[39] 113 years, 166 days Brazil Brazil
6 Virginia Secundina Moyano[5] F 17 May 1904 20 June 2017 113 years, 34 days Argentina Argentina
Isabel Castaño Restrepo[40] F 11 January 1906 Living 113 years, 28 days Colombia United States
7 Luisa Roncoroni de Bizzozero[5] F 30 June 1903 1 September 2015 112 years, 63 days Argentina Argentina
8 Ana Sara Marquez de Ramirez[5] F 25 July 1904 27 August 2016 112 years, 33 days Colombia Colombia
Sixta Tulia Aguinaga de Posada[41] F 22 April 1907 Living 111 years, 292 days Colombia United States
Nora Ettori[42] F 5 April 1907 22 August 2018 111 years, 139 days Brazil Italy
9 Manolita Piña F 24 February 1883 11 June 1994 111 years, 107 days Spain Uruguay
10 Daniel Guzmán-García M 6 February 1897 21 May 2008 111 years, 105 days Colombia Colombia
Zenson Nakahodo[23] M 8 May 1908 Living 110 years, 276 days Japan Peru
11 Julia Dougherty F 20 August 1893 4 December 2003 110 years, 106 days Peru United States

Notes[edit]

†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 8 February 2019

  1. ^ a b c Disputed: a November 2018 study advanced the hypothesis that Calment's daughter Yvonne usurped her identity in 1934. Yvonne was born on 19 January 1898, which would have made her 99 years old upon her death in 1997.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g All entries are sourced to GRG "table B" as of 1 January 2015, unless otherwise noted.[4]
  3. ^ Gaudette was born in the United States.
  4. ^ Pizzinato was born in Ala, which was then part of Austria-Hungary. It is now in Italy.
  5. ^ a b c d e Born in colonial Algeria, and moved to metropolitan France after Algeria obtained independence.
  6. ^ d'Abreu was born in Dharwar, which was then part of the British Raj. It is now in India.
  7. ^ Holtz was born in the Province of Posen, which was at the time of her birth a part of the German Empire. It is now located in Poland.
  8. ^ Steinberg was born in Russian Empire. It is now Moldova.
  9. ^ Domingues was born in Cape Verde, which was at that time a Portuguese colony. Now it is an independent country.
  10. ^ Moreno was born in Spanish Morocco, which was then part of the Spanish Empire. It is now in Morocco.
  11. ^ Hue was born in Tunisia, which was at that time a French protectorate. Now it is an independent country.
  12. ^ Monteiro was born in Cape Verde, which was at that time a Portuguese colony. Now it is an independent country.
  13. ^ Farrell was born in India, which was at the time of her birth a British colony.
  14. ^ Booth was born in New Zealand, which was at the time of her birth a British colony.
  15. ^ Denmark sold its Caribbean islands to the United States in 1917.
  16. ^ French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Maier, H., Gampe, J., Jeune, B., Robine, J.-M., Vaupel, J. W. (Eds.) (2010). Supercentenarians. Germany: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. p. 325. ISBN 978-3-642-11519-6.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
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  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Epstein, Louis; Young, Robert; Adams, Johnny; Muir, Mark (7 December 2018). "GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List". Gerontology Research Group. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
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  11. ^ Supercentenarians who lived in Portugal
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  35. ^ "Linda Pearl (Churches) WIGGINS". legacy.com.
  36. ^ "Oldest Queenslander Phyllis Lee dies at 110, leaving more than 100 descendants". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 20 December 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  37. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
  38. ^ Gilbert, Ernice (12 September 2015). "Oldest Virgin Islander, Ursula 'Aunt Sula' Krigger, Dies At 113". The Virgin Islands Consortium. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  39. ^ "Alida Grubba passes away". Diário Catarinense. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  40. ^ "Woman living in Miami Beach turns 112 today". Wopular. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  41. ^ "LaGrange resident celebrates 109th birthday". The Poughkeepsie Journal. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  42. ^ Ciao (22 August 2018). "Addio alla nonnina record dei mantovani - Cronaca". Gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
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