Marshall Rosenbluth
Marshall Rosenbluth | |
|---|---|
 Marshall Rosenbluth at UCSD in 1994. | |
| Born | February 5, 1927 |
| Died | September 28, 2003 (aged 76) |
| Residence | U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Stuyvesant High School University of Chicago Harvard University |
| Known for | Plasma Physics Rosenbluth potentials Metropolis algorithm Rosenbluth formula |
| Spouse(s) | Arianna Rosenbluth Sara Rosenbluth |
| Awards | Albert Einstein Award (1967) Enrico Fermi Award (1985) Hannes Alfvén Prize (2002) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | General Atomics UC San Diego Princeton University University of Texas at Austin |
| Doctoral advisor | Edward Teller |
Marshall Nicholas Rosenbluth (5 February 1927 – 28 September 2003) was an American plasma physicist and member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1997 he was awarded the National Medal of Science for discoveries in controlled thermonuclear fusion, contributions to plasma physics, and work in computational statistical mechanics. He was also a recipient of the E.O. Lawrence Prize (1964), the Albert Einstein Award (1967), the James Clerk Maxwell Prize in Plasma Physics (1976), the Enrico Fermi Award (1985), and the Hannes Alfvén Prize (2002).
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Key scientific contributions[edit]
During his first post-doctoral position at Stanford University (1949–1950), he derived the Rosenbluth formula, which was the basis of the analysis used by Robert Hofstadter in his Nobel prize-winning experimental investigation of electron scattering. Hofstadter refers to this in his 1961 Nobel Lecture: "This behavior can be understood in terms of the theoretical scattering law developed by M. Rosenbluth in 1950". In 1953, Rosenbluth co-authored the Metropolis algorithm; cited in Computing in Science and Engineering (Jan. 2000) as being among the top 10 algorithms having the "greatest influence on the development and practice of science and engineering in the 20th century." However, by the late 1950s, Rosenbluth turned his attention to the burgeoning discipline of plasma physics and quickly laid the foundation for many avenues of research in the field, particularly the theory of plasma instabilities. Although he continued to work on plasma physics for the remainder of his career, he often made forays into other fields. For example, around 1980, he and coworkers produced a detailed analysis of the free electron laser, indicating how its spectral intensity can be optimized. He maintained a high productivity rate throughout his entire career. Indeed, only a few years before his death, Rosenbluth discovered the existence of residual flows (so-called Rosenbluth-Hinton flows), a key result for understanding turbulence in tokamaks.
Early years[edit]
Rosenbluth graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1942.[1] He did his undergraduate study at Harvard, graduating in 1946 (B.S., Phi Beta Kappa), despite also serving in the U.S. Navy (1944–46) during this period. He received his Ph.D. in 1949 from the University of Chicago. In 1950, Edward Teller, considered the father of the hydrogen bomb, recruited Rosenbluth to work at Los Alamos.[2] Rosenbluth maintained this position until 1956. The research he conducted at Los Alamos led to the development of the H-bomb.
... Rosenbluth went to the South Pacific to prepare for the first H-bomb test. He had trouble sleeping, and was pondering the bomb design when he realised the scientists had made a calculating error that could result in a dud. The flaw was remedied by modifying the detonator, and the bomb vaporised a mile-wide island with a power 700 times greater than that of the atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945.[3]
Additional information[edit]
Upon his retirement, he took on the responsibility of chief scientist of the Central Team for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) until 1999. Rosenbluth also served as a member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group.
Rosenbluth was affectionately known as the Pope of Plasma Physics in reference to his deep understanding of the field.[4]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Larry R. Faulkner; Sue Alexander Greninger (2004-09-24). "In Memoriam - Marshall N. Rosenbluth". UT Austin. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
- ^ Teller, Edward, The Work of Many People, Science, New Series, Vol. 121, No. 3139 (Feb. 25, 1955), pp. 267-275, page 271
- ^ Wright, Pearce (4 October 2003). "Obituary. Marshall Rosenbluth". The Guardian.
- ^ Kim A. McDonald, Nuclear Fusion Pioneer At UC San Diego Dies At 76 Archived 2011-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, obituary at the University of California website. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
References[edit]
- J.W. Van Dam (Ed), From Particles to Plasmas: Lectures Honoring Marshall N. Rosenbluth, Addison Wesley (1989) ISBN 0-201-15680-6.
- I. Beichl and F. Sullivan, "The Metropolis Algorithm", Computing in Science and Engineering, Volume 2, Number 1, Jan/Feb 2000. doi:10.1109/5992.814660
- J.E. Gubernatis, "Marshall Rosenbluth and the Metropolis Algorithm", Physics of Plasmas, 12, 057303 (2005). doi:10.1063/1.1887186
- Metropolis, N.; Rosenbluth, A.W.; Rosenbluth, M.N.; Teller, A.H.; Teller, E. (1953). "Equations of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines". Journal of Chemical Physics. 21 (6): 1087–1092. Bibcode:1953JChPh..21.1087M. doi:10.1063/1.1699114.
External links[edit]
- 1994 Audio Interview with Marshall Rosenbluth by Richard Rhodes Voices of the Manhattan Project
- University of Texas Memorial Text
- Marshall N. Rosenbluth Papers MSS 670. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
- Rosenbluth Award
- 1927 births
- 2003 deaths
- American nuclear physicists
- Enrico Fermi Award recipients
- Harvard University alumni
- Institute for Advanced Study faculty
- Jewish American scientists
- American people of German-Jewish descent
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- Monte Carlo methodologists
- National Medal of Science laureates
- Princeton University faculty
- University of Chicago alumni
- Stanford University faculty
- Stuyvesant High School alumni
- University of California, San Diego faculty
- Members of JASON
- Plasma physicists
- Scientists from New York (state)
