Mannaz

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NameProto-GermanicOld EnglishOld Norse
*MannazMannMaðr
"man, human"
ShapeElder FutharkFuthorcYounger Futhark
Runic letter mannaz.svgLong-branch m rune.svgShort-twig m rune.svg
Unicode
U+16D7
U+16D8
U+16D9
Transliterationm
Transcriptionm
IPA[m]
Position in
rune-row
2014
Two early forms of the m-rune of the Younger Futhark.

*Mannaz is the conventional name of the m-rune of the Elder Futhark. It is derived from the reconstructed Common Germanic word for "man", *mannaz.

Younger Futhark ᛘ is maðr ("man"). It took up the shape of the algiz rune ᛉ, replacing Elder Futhark .

As its sound value and form in the Elder Futhark indicate, it is derived from the letter M (𐌌) in the Old Italic alphabets, ultimately from the Greek letter Mu (Μ).

Rune poems[edit]

The rune is recorded in all three Rune Poems, in the Norwegian and Icelandic poems as maðr, and in the Anglo-Saxon poem as man.

Rune Poem:[1] English Translation:

Norwegian

Maðr er moldar auki;
mikil er græip á hauki.
Man is an augmentation of the dust;
great is the claw of the hawk.

Icelandic

Maðr er manns gaman
ok moldar auki
ok skipa skreytir.
[clarification needed]
Man is delight of man
and augmentation of the earth
and adorner of ships.

Anglo-Saxon

Man byþ on myrgþe his magan leof:
sceal þeah anra gehƿylc oðrum sƿican,
forðum drihten ƿyle dome sine
þæt earme flæsc eorþan betæcan.
The joyous man is dear to his kinsmen;
yet every man is doomed to fail his fellow,
since the Lord by his decree
will commit the vile carrion to the earth.

Modern usage[edit]

For the "man" rune of the Armanen Futharkh as "life rune" in Germanic mysticism, see Lebensrune.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page Archived 1999-05-01 at the Wayback Machine ("Ragnar's Ragweed Forge").

See also[edit]