Émile Picard
Émile Picard | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 24 July 1856 |
| Died | 11 December 1941 (aged 85) Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | École Normale Supérieure in Paris |
| Known for | Picard functor Picard group Picard theorem Picard variety Picard–Lefschetz formula Picard–Lindelöf theorem Painlevé transcendents |
| Awards | Fellow of the Royal Society[1] |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions | University of Paris École Centrale Paris |
| Thesis | Applications des complexes lineaires a l'etude des surfaces et des courbes gauches[2] |
| Doctoral advisor | Gaston Darboux[2] |
| Doctoral students | Sergei Bernstein Paul Dubreil Jacques Hadamard Gaston Julia Traian Lalescu Philippe Le Corbeiller Paul Painlevé Mihailo Petrović Simion Stoilow Ernest Vessiot Henri Villat André Weil Stanisław Zaremba |
Prof Charles Émile Picard FRS(For)[1] FRSE (French: [ʃaʁl emil pikaʁ]) (24 July 1856 – 11 December 1941) was a French mathematician. He was elected the fifteenth member to occupy seat 1 of the Académie française in 1924.[3]
Life[edit]
He was born in Paris on 24 July 1856 and educated there at the Lycée Henri-IV. He then studied Mathematics at the École Normale Supérieure.[4]
 | This section possibly contains original research. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Picard's mathematical papers, textbooks, and many popular writings exhibit an extraordinary range of interests, as well as an impressive mastery of the mathematics of his time. Modern students of complex variables are probably familiar with two of his named theorems. Picard's little theorem states that every nonconstant entire function takes every value in the complex plane, with perhaps one exception. Picard's great theorem states that an analytic function with an essential singularity takes every value infinitely often, with perhaps one exception, in any neighborhood of the singularity. He made important contributions in the theory of differential equations, including work on Picard–Vessiot theory, Painlevé transcendents and his introduction of a kind of symmetry group for a linear differential equation. He also introduced the Picard group in the theory of algebraic surfaces, which describes the classes of algebraic curves on the surface modulo linear equivalence. In connection with his work on function theory, he was one of the first mathematicians to use the emerging ideas of algebraic topology. In addition to his theoretical work, Picard made contributions to applied mathematics, including the theories of telegraphy and elasticity. His collected papers run to four volumes.
Like his contemporary, Henri Poincaré, Picard was much concerned with the training of mathematics, physics, and engineering students. He wrote a classic textbook on analysis and one of the first textbooks on the theory of relativity. Picard's popular writings include biographies of many leading French mathematicians, including his father in law, Charles Hermite.
Family[edit]
In 1881 he married Marie, the daughter of Charles Hermite.
Publications[edit]
- Lectures on Mathematics (1899)
See also[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
- Picard, Émile (1891–1896). Traité d'Analyse. Paris: Gauthier-Villars et fils. OCLC 530823.[5]
- Picard, Émile (1905). La science Moderne et son état Actuel. Paris: E. Flammarion. OCLC 43307396.
- Picard, Émile (1922). La Théorie de la Relativité et ses Applications à l'astronomie. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. OCLC 1025334.
- Picard, Émile (1922). Discours et Mélanges. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. OCLC 4855336.
- Picard, Émile (1931). Éloges et Discours Académiques. Paris: s.n. OCLC 13473598.
- Picard, Émile (1978–1981). Œuvres de Ch.-É. Picard. vol. I–IV. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. OCLC 4615520.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Hadamard, J. (1942). "Emile Picard. 1856–1941". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 4 (11): 129–150. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1942.0012.
- ^ a b Émile Picard at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Émile Picard", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
- ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0 902 198 84 X.
- ^ Craig, T. (1893). "Picard's Traité d'Analyse". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 (2): 39–65. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1893-00166-3.
External links[edit]
- 1856 births
- 1941 deaths
- Scientists from Paris
- 19th-century French mathematicians
- 20th-century French mathematicians
- Lycée Henri-IV alumni
- École Normale Supérieure alumni
- Mathematical analysts
- Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
- Members of the Académie française
- Members of the French Academy of Sciences
- Foreign Members of the Royal Society
- Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
- Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
- Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences
- Members of the Ligue de la patrie française
