Time–manner–place

For restrictions on freedom of speech in the United States, see Time, place, and manner.

Linguistic typology
Morphological
Analytic Isolating Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic
Morphosyntactic
Alignment Accusative Ergative Split ergative Austronesian Active–stative Tripartite Marked nominative Ditransitive alignment Secundative Indirective Inverse marking Syntactic pivot Theta role
Word order
VO languages Subject–verb–object Verb–subject–object Verb–object–subject OV languages Subject–object–verb Object–subject–verb Object–verb–subject V2 word order Free word order Time–manner–place Place–manner–time
Lexicon
Color terms Numerals

In linguistic typology, time–manner–place is a general order of adpositional phrases in a language's sentences: "yesterday", "by car", "to the store". Japanese, Afrikaans, Dutch and German belong to this category.

An example of this appositional ordering in German is:

Ich	fahre	heute	mit	dem	Auto	nach	München.
I	drive	today	with	the	car	to	Munich.
I'm travelling to Munich by car today.

The temporal phrase – heute ("today") – comes first, the manner – mit dem Auto ("by car") – is second, and the place – nach München ("to Munich") – is third.

One way to remember the order in German is the mnemonic acronym ZAP: Zeit (time), Art (manner), Platz (place). Another, in English, is the "acronym" TeMPo. It is a subset of the system called TeKaMoLo in German, from Latin: Temporal, Kausal, Modal, Local, or time-cause-manner-place

English and French use this order only when the time is mentioned before the verb, which is commonly the case when time, manner, and place are all mentioned.

See also

• Syntax

External links

• Word Order in German — Part 1: German Syntax