Shasta language
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Shasta | |
---|---|
Native to | United States |
Region | primarily northern California |
Ethnicity | Shasta people |
Extinct | by end of 20th century |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | sht |
Glottolog | shas1239 [1] |
The Shasta language is an extinct Shastan language formerly spoken from northern California into southwestern Oregon. It was spoken in a number of dialects, possibly including Okwanuchu. By 1980, only two fluent speakers, both elderly, were alive. Today, all surviving Shasta people speak English.
Sounds[edit]
Consonants[edit]
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | |
tenuis | p | t | ts | tʃ | k | ʔ | |
Fricative | s | x | h | ||||
Sonorant | m | n | r | j | w |
Length is distinctive for consonants in Shasta. The affricates are generally written ⟨c⟩ and ⟨č⟩, and the ejectives indicated by an apostrophe written over the character. The phoneme /j/ is represented by ⟨y⟩.
Vowels[edit]
Shasta has four vowels, /i e a u/, with contrastive length, and two tones: high tone, marked with an acute accent, and low tone, which is unmarked.
References[edit]
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Shasta". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Mithun, Marianne (1999), The Languages of Native North America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Bibliography[edit]
- Silver, Shirley (1966) The Shasta Language. University of California, Berkeley.