Francisco J. Ayala

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This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Ayala and the second or maternal family name is Pereda.
Francisco J. Ayala
Dr. Ayala.jpg
Born
Francisco José Ayala Pereda

(1934-03-12) March 12, 1934 (age 84)[1]
Madrid, Spain
ResidenceIrvine, California
NationalitySpanish-American
CitizenshipSpanish, American (1971–present)
Alma materUniversity of Salamanca, Columbia University
Known forPopulation genetics
Spouse(s)Mary Henderson (m. 1968, div)
Hana Lostokova Ayala (m. 1985)
AwardsNational Medal of Science, Templeton Prize
Scientific career
FieldsBiology, Genetics
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Davis (1971 - 1989)[2]
University of California, Irvine (1989-2018)[3]
Doctoral advisorTheodosius Dobzhansky
Doctoral studentsJohn Avise

Francisco José Ayala Pereda (born March 12, 1934) is a Spanish-American evolutionary biologist and philosopher who was a longtime faculty member at the University of California, Irvine and University of California, Davis.[4] He is a former Dominican priest,[5][6] ordained in 1960,[7] but left the priesthood that same year. After graduating from the University of Salamanca, he moved to the United States in 1961 to study for a PhD at Columbia University. There, he studied for his doctorate under Theodosius Dobzhansky, graduating in 1964.[8] He became a US citizen in 1971.

He has been President and Chairman of the Board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[9] At University of California, Irvine, his academic appointments included University Professor and Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (School of Biological Sciences), Professor of Philosophy (School of Humanities), and Professor of Logic and the Philosophy of Science (School of Social Sciences).[10]

On July 1, 2018, Dr. Ayala officially resigned from the University of California, Irvine, due to substantiated sexual harassment claims. His name was removed from the School of Biological Sciences, the Science Library, as well as various graduate fellowships, scholarship programs, and endowed chairs.[11] Details of the charges were made public online on July 20, 2018 in an elaborate 97-page investigative report detailing the sexual harassment that occurred as early as 2003 and as recently as 2018.

Career[edit]

He is known for his research on population and evolutionary genetics, and has been called the "Renaissance Man of Evolutionary Biology".[12] His "discoveries have opened up new approaches to the prevention and treatment of diseases that affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide", including demonstrating the reproduction of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, is mostly the product of cloning, and that only a few clones account for most of this widespread, mostly untreatable South American disease that affects 16 million to 18 million people.[13]

He served on the advisory board of the now defunct Campaign to Defend the Constitution, an organization that has lobbied in support the separation of church and state. He has been publicly critical of U.S. restrictions on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research. He is also a critic of creationism and intelligent design theories, claiming that they are not only pseudoscience, but also misunderstood from a theological point of view. He suggests that the theory of evolution resolves the problem of evil, thus being a kind of theodicy.[14][15][16] Although Ayala generally does not discuss his religious views, he has stated that "science is compatible with religious faith in a personal, omnipotent and benevolent God."[17] He also briefly served, in 1960, as a Dominican priest.[18] Ayala does not say whether he remains a religious believer, not wanting to be "tagged by one side or the other."[19]

He attended the Beyond Belief symposium on November 2006. Ayala debated Christian apologist William Lane Craig in November 2009 on the topic of intelligent design.[20]

On October 18, 2011, the University of California, Irvine (UCI) announced that Professor Ayala would be donating $10 million to the university's School of Biological Sciences. The gift was to be "$1 million a year for the next decade."[21]

Since 2013, Ayala has been listed on the Advisory Council of the National Center for Science Education.[22]

Sexual harassment investigation and resignation[edit]

In June 2018, UCI announced that it had investigated and confirmed the accusations of four women who claimed that Ayala had sexually harassed them. Ayala resigned, without becoming a professor emeritus, and the university removed his name from the School of Biological Sciences, Science Library, and endowed chairs that had been named after Ayala.[11][3] The complete report of the investigation was made public (and then later removed at the request of people close to the case) on the website of the journal Science, detailing multiple incidents of gender-biased and inappropriate comments and actions towards female faculty and students.[23] The American Association for the Advancement of Science removed his fellowship status because of his actions.[24]

Awards and honors[edit]

In 2001, Ayala was awarded the National Medal of Science.[13] On April 13, 2007, he was awarded the first of 100 bicentennial medals at Mount Saint Mary's University for lecturing there as the first presenter for the Bicentennial Distinguished Lecture Series. His lecture was entitled "The Biological Foundations of Morality". Other awards he has received include the Gold Honorary Gregor Mendel Medal of the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Gold Medal of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the Gold Medal of the Stazione Zoologica in Naples, the President's Award of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, the Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award and 150th Anniversary Leadership Medal of the AAAS, the Medal of the College of France, the UCI Medal of the University of California, the 1998 Distinguished Scientist Award from the SACNAS, and Sigma Xi's William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement, 2000. In 2010, he was awarded the Templeton Prize.[25] The science library at UCI was named after him from 2010 to 2018, when his name was removed after substantiated allegations of sexual harassment.[26][3] Ayala delivered a lecture at the Trotter Prize ceremony in 2011 entitled "Darwin's Gift to Science and Religion." In 2014, UCI named its School of Biological Sciences the Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences after Ayala.[27] UCI removed his name from the library and school in 2018, after finding that he sexually harassed at least four women.[3]

Ayala was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977.[28] He is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He is also a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome, the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences, the Mexican Academy of Sciences, and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He has honorary degrees from the University of Athens, the University of Bologna, the University of Barcelona, the University of the Balearic Islands, the University of León, the University of Madrid, the University of Salamanca, the University of Valencia, the University of Vigo, Far Eastern National University, Masaryk University and University of Warsaw.

Personal life[edit]

Francisco Ayala was born to Francisco Ayala and Soledad Pereda. In the late 1960s he met Mary Henderson, they married on May 27, 1968.[29] They had two sons: Francisco José (b. 1969) and Carlos Alberto (b. 1972).[30] Their marriage ended in divorce,[31] and in 1985 he married an ecologist named Hana Ayala (née Lostakova).[32][33] They live in Irvine, California.

Books[edit]

Ayala has published 950 publications and 30 books. Recently published books include:

  • Ayala, F.J. Evolution, Explanation, Ethics and Aesthetics: Towards a Philosophy of Biology. Academic Press: 2016. ISBN 9780128036938
  • Ayala, F.J. Am I a Monkey: Six Big Questions About Evolution. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD, USA 2010.
  • Ayala, F.J. and Robert Arp, eds. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Biology. Wiley-Blackwell: London, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4051-5998-2
  • Avise, J.C. and F.J. Ayala, eds. In the Light of Evolution: Adaptation and Complex Design. National Academy Press: Washington, DC. 2007. ISBN 978-0-309-10405-0
  • Cela Conde, C.J. and F.J. Ayala. Human Evolution. Trails from the Past. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2007.
  • Ayala, F.J. Darwin y el Diseño Inteligente. Creacionismo, Cristianismo y Evolución. Alianza Editorial: Madrid, Spain, 231 pp. 2007.
  • Ayala, F.J. Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion. Joseph Henry Press: Washington, DC, xi + 237 pp. 2007
  • Ayala, F.J. La Evolución de un Evolucionista. Escritos Seleccionados. University of Valencia: Valencia, Spain, 441 pp. 2006. ISBN 84-370-6526-7
  • Ayala, F.J. Darwin and Intelligent Design. Fortress Press: Minneapolis, MN, xi + 116 pp. 2006.
  • Ayala, F.J. and C.J. Cela Conde. La piedra que se volvió palabra. Las claves evolutivas de la humanidad. Alianza Editorial: Madrid, Spain. 184 pp. 2006 ISBN 84-206-4783-7
  • Hey, J., W.M. Fitch and F.J. Ayala, eds. Systematics and the Origin of Species. On Ernst Mayr’s 100th Anniversary. National Academies Press: Washington, DC. xiii + 367 pp. 2005 ISBN 0-309-09536-0
  • Wuketits, F.M. and F.J. Ayala, eds. Handbook of Evolution: The Evolution of Living Systems (Including Hominids), Volume 2. Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany. 292 pp. 2005. ISBN 978-3-527-61971-9
  • Ayala, F.J. Le Ragioni dell’ Evoluzione. Di Renzo Editore: Rome. 109 pp. 2005.
  • Ayala, F.J. Human Evolution: Biology, Culture, Ethics. In: J.B. Miller, ed., The Epic of Evolution. Science and Religion in Dialogue (Pearson Education, Inc.: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey), pp. 166–180. 2004.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hall, Brian Keith; Strickberger, Monroe W.; Hallgrímsson, Benedikt (2008). Strickberger's evolution: the integration of genes, organisms and populations. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. p. 633. ISBN 0-7637-0066-5.
  2. ^ "Q & A Francisco J. Ayala" (PDF). cell.com. Current Biology. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Watanabe, Teresa (28 June 2018). "Acclaimed UC Irvine geneticist resigns after committing sexual harassment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  4. ^ Pinar García, Susana (2016). De Dios y ciencia. La evolución de Francisco J. Ayala. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. ISBN 9788491042358.
  5. ^ "Evolution: Religion: Science and Faith". Pbs.org. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  6. ^ Dreifus, Claudia (April 27, 1999). "A CONVERSATION WITH: FRANCISCO J. AYALA; Ex-Priest Takes the Blasphemy Out of Evolution". New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
  7. ^ Richardson, W.; Slack, Gordy (2001). Faith in science: scientists search for truth. London: Routledge. p. 6. ISBN 0-415-25765-4.
  8. ^ Ayala, Francisco (1976). "Theodosius Dobzhansky: The Man and the Scientist". Annual Review of Genetics. 10: 1–6. doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.10.120176.000245. PMID 797305.
  9. ^ Dean, Cornelia (April 29, 2008). "Roving Defender of Evolution, and of Room for God". New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
  10. ^ "Biologist Francisco J. Ayala". The Scientist. February 5, 1996. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
  11. ^ a b "UCI proposes new name for School of Biological Sciences, science library after internal investigation substantiates sexual harassment claims against signature donor". UCI News. June 28, 2018.
  12. ^ "A Conversation with Hana and Francisco J. Ayala". American Association for the Advancement of Science. March 23, 2006. Archived from the original on June 5, 2009. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
  13. ^ a b "Biologist Francisco J. Ayala Wins National Medal of Science". University of California. May 9, 2002. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
  14. ^ Ayala, F. J. (2007). Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press. p. xi. I shudder in terror at the thought that some people of faith would implicitly attribute this calamity to the Creator's faulty design. I rather see it as a consequence of the clumsy ways of the evolutionary process..
  15. ^ Ayala, F. J. (2007). Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press. pp. 4–5. Later, when I was studying the theology in Salamanca, Darwin was a much-welcomed friend. The theory of evolution provided the solution to the remaining component of the problem of evil. As floods and drought were a necessary consequence of the fabric of the physical world, predators and parasites, dysfunctions and diseases were a consequence of the evolution of life. They were not a result of a deficient or malevolent design: the features of organisms were not designed by the Creator.
  16. ^ Ayala, F. J. (2007). Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press. p. 159. Religious scholars in the past had struggled with imperfection ... in the living world, which [is] difficult to explain if [it is] the outcome of God's design. ... Evolution came to the rescue. ... The theory of evolution, which at first had seemed to remove the need for God in the world, now has convincingly removed the need to explain the world's imperfections as failed outcomes of God's design.
  17. ^ Lawton, Graham (2 April 2010). "Templeton prizewinner: We need science plus morality". New Scientist.
  18. ^ Ruse, Michael. Can a Darwinian Be a Christian? : The Relationship between Science and Religion. Cambridge University Press: New York, xi + 242 pp. 2001, p. 75
  19. ^ Dean, Cornelia (April 29, 2008). "Roving Defender of Evolution". New York Times. Dr. Ayala does not say whether he remains a religious believer. "I don't want to be tagged,” he said. "By one side or the other.”
  20. ^ "Is Intelligent Design Viable? The Craig-Ayala Debate". reasonablefaith.org. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  21. ^ Rivera, Carla (October 18, 2011). "UC Irvine professor donating $10 million to school". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011.
  22. ^ "Advisory Council". ncse.com. National Center for Science Education. Archived from the original on 2013-08-10. Retrieved 2018-10-30.
  23. ^ "Here's the sexual harassment report that felled a famed geneticist—and his defense". Science | AAAS. 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2018-08-15.
  24. ^ Wadman, Meredith (2018-09-21). "AAAS adopts new policy for ejecting harassers". Science. 361 (6408): 1175–1175. doi:10.1126/science.361.6408.1175. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30237333.
  25. ^ Dean, Cornelia (March 25, 2010). "Biologist Wins Templeton Prize". New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
  26. ^ "UCI Science Library to be named in honor of Francisco J. Ayala". University of California, Irvine. April 26, 2010. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
  27. ^ "UC Irvine's School of Biological Sciences renamed in honor of Francisco J. Ayala". Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  28. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  29. ^ bookrags.com (World of Genetics on Francisco J. Ayala)
  30. ^ universityofcalifornia.edu Archived September 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (Biologist Francisco J. Ayala Wins National Medal of Science)
  31. ^ "Templeton Prize Fact Sheet" (PDF). Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  32. ^ aaas.org (Hana and Francisco J. Ayala: Separate Careers, a Common Passion for Knowledge)
  33. ^ Elizabeth Sleeman, Taylor & Francis Group, Europa Publications, Europa Publications Limited (2003). The International Who's Who 2004:. Routledge. p. 83. ISBN 1-85743-217-7.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)

External links[edit]

Cultural offices
Preceded by
Eloise E. Clark 		President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
1995 		Succeeded by
Rita R. Colwell
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_J._Ayala&oldid=878976760"