Voiced alveolar lateral affricate
| Voiced alveolar lateral affricate | |
|---|---|
| dɮ | |
| λ | |
| IPA number | 104 (149) |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | d͡ɮ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0064 U+0361 U+026E |
| X-SAMPA | dK\ |
| Listen | |
The voiced alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨d͡ɮ⟩ (often simplified to ⟨dɮ⟩).
Features[edit]
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence[edit]
Voiced alveolar lateral affricates are rare. Sandawe has been transcribed with [dɮ], but the sound is more post-alveolar or palatal than alveolar. Consonants written dl in Athabaskan and Wakashan languages are either tenuis affricates, [t͜ɬ] (perhaps slightly voiced allophonically), or have an approximant release, [tˡ] or [dˡ]. In Montana Salish, /l/ may be prestopped, depending on context, in which case it may be realized as [ᵈl] or as an affricate [ᵈɮ̤].[1] In the Nguni languages [d͡ɮ] occurs after nasals: /nɮ̤/ is pronounced [nd͡ɮ̤], with an epenthetic stop, in at least Xhosa[2] and Zulu.[3]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montana Salish | p̓əllič̓č | [pʼəd͡ɮɮít͡ʃʼt͡ʃ] | 'turned over' | Positional allophone of /l/ | |
| Xhosa | indlovu | [ind͡ɮ̤ɔːv̤u][missing tone] | 'elephant' | Allophone of /ɮ̤/ after /n/ | |
