Denominal verb
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
 |
Look up denominal verb in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
In grammar, denominal verbs are verbs derived from nouns. Many languages have regular morphological indicators to create denominal verbs.
Contents
English[edit]
English examples are to school, from school, meaning to instruct; to shelve, from shelf, meaning to put on shelves; and to symbolize, from symbol, meaning to be a symbol for.
Some common denominalizing affixes in English are -ize/-ise (e.g., summarize), -ify (e.g., classify), -ate (e.g., granulate), en- (e.g., enslave), be- (e.g., behead), and zero or -∅ (e.g.,, school).[1]
A variety of semantic relations are expressed between the base noun X and the derived verb; there is no simple relationship between the affix and the semantic relation:[1]
- resultative: to make something into an X, e.g., victimize, cash
- locative: to put something in X, e.g., box, hospitalize
- instrumental: to use X, e.g., sponge, hammer
- ablative, privative: to remove X from something, e.g., shell (peas), behead, bone
- ornative: to add X to something or to cover something with X, e.g., rubberize, salt
- similative: to act like or resemble X, e.g., tyrannize, guard
- performative: to do or perform X, e.g., botanize, tango
Rgyalrong[edit]
In Rgyalrong languages, denominal derivation are extremely developed and have given rise to incorporating and antipassive constructions (Jacques 2012, 2014).
Latin[edit]
Many Latin verbs are denominal.[2] For example, the first declension verb coronare (to crown) is derived from corona (a crown),[2] and the fourth declension verbs mollire (to soften) and servire (to serve) are derived from mollis (soft) and servus (a slave) respectively.[3]
See also[edit]
- Deverbal noun, where the noun is formed from the verb
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Carolyn A. Gottfurcht, Denominal Verb Formation in English, Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 2008 full text
- ^ a b Moreland, Floyd L.; Fleischer, Rita M. (1990). Latin: An Intensive Course. London, England: University of California Press. p. 29. ISBN 0520031830.
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. IV (2004). "13.13". Indo-European Languages and Culture. Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-0315-2.
References[edit]
- Jacques, Guillaume (2012). "From Denominal Derivation to Incorporation". Lingua. 122 (11): 1027–1231. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2012.05.010.
- Jacques, Guillaume (2014). "Denominal affixes as sources of antipassive markers in Japhug Rgyalrong". Lingua. 138: 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2013.09.011.
 | This linguistics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
