Negative verb

A negative verb or negation verb is a type of auxiliary that is used to form the negative of a main verb. The main verb itself has no personal endings, while the negative verb takes the inflection. The English auxiliary don't/doesn't performs a similar function by acting as a negative verb that indicates whether one or multiple individuals are involved while the verb referring to the negated activity remains uninflected, e.g. "he cares"/"we care" versus "he doesn't care"/"we don't care".

English

In English, ordinary verbs take the auxiliary do when negated by not.

Tense	Affirmative	Negative
		With a negative verb	With a negative adverb
Nonpast	I go there he goes there	I don't go there he doesn't go there	I never go there he never goes there
Past	I went there he went there	I didn't go there he didn't go there	I never went there he never went there

Uralic languages

The negative verb is typical of the Uralic languages. Uralic languages inflect by person, thus one word, the negative verb corresponds to e.g. "I don't" (Finnish en) or "doesn't" (ei).

Finnish

The negative verb is conjugated in moods and personal forms in Finnish. In the present tense, the form of the main verb is just the stem of the present form without a personal ending, e.g. lähden – en lähde ("I leave" – "I do not leave"), menisit – et menisi ("you would go" – "you would not go"), syönee – ei syöne ("he/she may eat" – "he/she may not eat"), ottakaamme – älkäämme ottako ("let's take" – "let's not take"). In the imperfect tense, the form of the main verb is the past participle, e.g. otin – en ottanut ("I took" – "I did not take"), otimme – emme ottaneet ("we took" – "we did not take").

Indicative, conditional, and potential

Person	Singular	Plural
1.	en	emme
2.	et	ette
3.	ei	eivät

Imperative

Person	Singular	Plural
1.	-	älkäämme
2.	älä	älkää
3.	älköön	älkööt

Estonian

In Estonian, the negative verb is evident only in the imperative mood.

Indicative, conditional, and oblique

Person	Singular	Plural
1.	ei	ei
2.	ei	ei
3.	ei	ei

Imperative

Person	Singular	Plural
1.	-	ärgem; ärme
2.	ära	ärge
3.	ärgu	ärgu

Inari Sami

The negative verb is conjugated in moods and personal forms in Inari Sami:

Indicative, conditional, and potential mood

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1.	jie´m	eän	ep
2.	jie´h	eppee	eppeđ
3.	ij	eä´vá	eä

Imperative

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1.	eällum	eäl´loon	eällup
2.	ele	ellee	elleđ
3.	eä´lus	eällus	eällus

Northern Sami

The negative verb is conjugated in moods and personal forms in Northern Sami.

Indicative, conditional, and potential mood

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1.	in	ean	eat
2.	it	eahppi	ehpet
3.	ii	eaba	eai

Imperative

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1.	allon	allu	allot
2.	ale	alli	allet
3.	allos	alloska	alloset

Lule Sami

The negative verb is conjugated in moods and personal forms in Lule Sami.

Indicative, conditional, and potential mood

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1.	iv	en	ep
2.	i	ähppe	ehpit
3.	ij	äbá	e

Hungarian

Hungarian has lost most evidence of a negative verb, but the negation particle nem becomes ne before verbs in the jussive/imperative (also sometimes called the conditional mood, or J-mood).

Furthermore, the 3rd person present indicative of the copular verb (lenni) has unique negative forms nincs(en) and nincsenek as opposed to nem van and nem vannak, but only when the particle and verb would occur adjacently. In all other instances the copular verb acts regularly. These forms are also unique in that they have an existential role "there is (not)" and "there are (not)". In the present indicative 3rd person, copular verbs are not used; rather the absence of a verb (with or without a negation particle) implies the copula.

Korean

Korean verbs can be negated by the negative verbs 않다 anta and 못하다 mothada or by the negative adverbs 안 an and 못 mot. The copula 이다 ida has a corresponding negative copula 아니다 anida. (anida is an independent word like anta and mothada, unlike ida which cannot stand on its own and must be attached to a noun.)

Verb	Tense	Affirmative	With a negative verb		With a negative adverb
			않다 anta	못하다 mothada	안 an	못 mot
가다 gada	Nonpast	간다 ganda	가지 않는다 gaji anneunda	가지 못한다 gaji mothanda	안 간다 an ganda	못 간다 mot ganda
	Past	갔다 gatda	가지 않았다 gaji anatda	가지 못했다 gaji mothaetda	안 갔다 an gatda	못 갔다 mot gatda
먹다 meokda	Nonpast	먹는다 meongneunda	먹지 않는다 meokji anneunda	먹지 못한다 meokji mothanda	안 먹는다 an meongneunda	못 먹는다 mot meongneunda
	Past	먹었다 meogeotda	먹지 않았다 meokji anatda	먹지 못했다 meokji mothaetda	안 먹었다 an meogeotda	못 먹었다 mot meogeotda