Bilabial ejective

The bilabial ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨pʼ⟩.

Features[edit]

Features of the bilabial ejective:

Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a stop.
Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.

In addition to the languages listed below, this sound is also common in Ethiopian Semitic languages.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe		пӏакӏэ	[pʼaːt͡ʃʼa] (help·info)	'thin'
Armenian	Yerevan dialect^[1]	պոչ	[pʼotʃʰ]	'tail'	Corresponds to tenuis [p⁼] in other Eastern dialects
Chechen		пӏелг	[pʼelɡ]	'finger'
Ganza^[2]^:95		[pʼá̰bḭ́]		‘gathering’
Georgian		პაემანი	[ˈpʼaɜmɑni]	'meeting, date'
Hadza		hûbbu	[ɦuːpʼu]	'to lift something heavy'	(mimetic)
Haida		ttappad	[tʼapʼat]	'to break'	(mimetic)
Kabardian		цӏапӏэ	[t͡sʼaːpʼa] (help·info)	'mean'
Nez Perce		p’íłin	[ˈpʼiɬin]	'hole'
Ossetian	Iron	пъовыр	[ˈpʼovɪ̈r]	'cook'
Quechua		p’acha	[pʼat͡ʃa]	'clothes'
Ubykh		[saakʲʼawəpʼtsʼaj]		'what is your name?'	See Ubykh phonology

^ Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
^ Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza" (pdf). Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved 2017-01-16.

Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company