Voiceless velar lateral approximant
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Voiceless velar lateral approximant | |
---|---|
ʟ̥ | |
IPA number | 158 402A |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | L\_0 |
The voiceless velar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in a very small number of spoken languages in the world. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʟ̥⟩ (since 1989) and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L\_0
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Contents
Features[edit]
Features of the voiceless velar lateral approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence[edit]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
English | Western American[1] | clear | [kʟ̥iɚ̯] | 'clear' | Possible allophone of /l/ after the aspirated allophone of /k/.[1] See English phonology |
German | Austrian[2] | klar | [kʟ̥ɑː] | 'clear' | Possible allophone of /l/ after the aspirated allophone of /k/.[2] See Standard German phonology |
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Grønnum (2005), p. 154.
- ^ a b Grønnum (2005), pp. 153–154.
References[edit]
- Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6