International Phonetic Alphabet chart

Further information: International Phonetic Alphabet § Letters

The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.

Official chart

The official IPA chart, revised to 2018.

Vowels

See also: IPA vowel chart with audio

Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ɨ̞ ʉ̞ ɯ̞ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɒ̈ ɑ ɒ

Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner ↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̼ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ Stop p b p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilant affricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ ʈʂ ɖʐ t̠ɕ d̠ʑ Non-sibilant affricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ʡʢ ʔh Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant ʋ̥ ʋ ɹ̥ ɹ ɻ̊ ɻ j̊ j ɰ̊ ɰ ʔ̞ Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆ Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ Lateral affricate tɬ dɮ ʈɭ̊˔ cʎ̝̊ kʟ̝̊ ɡʟ̝ Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ ɭ̊˔ ɭ˔ ʎ̝̊ ʎ̝ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ Lateral approximant l̥ l ɭ̊ ɭ ʎ̥ ʎ ʟ̥ ʟ ʟ̠ Lateral tap/flap ɺ ɭ̆ ʎ̆ ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

BL LD D A PA RF P V U EG Ejective Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ Affricate t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ qχʼ Fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ Lateral affricate tɬʼ cʎ̝̊ʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Lateral fricative ɬʼ Click Tenuis ʘ ǀ ǃ ‼ ǂ Voiced ʘ̬ ǀ̬ ǃ̬ ‼̬ ǂ̬ Nasal ʘ̃ ǀ̃ ǃ̃ ‼̃ ǂ̃ Tenuis lateral ǁ Voiced lateral ǁ̬ Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̥ ʄ̥ ɠ̊ ʛ̥

Co-articulated consonants

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ŋ͡m Labial–velar Stop t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal Fricative ɧ Sj-sound (variable) Approximant ɥ̊ ɥ Labial–palatal ʍ w Labial–velar Lateral approximant ɫ Velarized alveolar Nasal approximant j̃ Palatal w̃ Labial–velar h̃ Glottal

Auxiliary symbols

Diacritics

◌̥ ◌̊	Voiceless	◌̤	Breathy voiced	◌̪ ◌͆	Dental
◌̬	Voiced	◌̰	Creaky voiced	◌̺	Apical
◌ʰ	Aspirated	◌̼	Linguolabial	◌̻	Laminal
◌̹ ◌͗ ◌˒	More rounded	◌ʷ	Labialized	◌̃	Nasalized
◌̜ ◌͑ ◌˓	Less rounded	◌ʲ	Palatalized	◌ⁿ	Nasal release
◌̟ ◌˖	Advanced	◌ˠ	Velarized	◌ˡ	Lateral release
◌̠ ◌˗	Retracted	◌ˤ	Pharyngealized	◌̚	No audible release
◌̈	Centralized	◌̴	Velarized or pharyngealized	◌ᵊ	Mid central vowel release
◌̽	Mid-centralized	◌̝ ◌˔	Raised	◌ᶿ	Voiceless dental fricative release
◌̩ ◌̍	Syllabic	◌̞ ◌˕	Lowered	◌ˣ	Voiceless velar fricative release
◌̯ ◌̑	Non-syllabic	◌̘	Advanced tongue root	◌ʼ	Ejective
◌˞	Rhoticity	◌̙	Retracted tongue root	◌͡◌ ◌͜◌	Affricate or double articulation

Suprasegmentals

ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ː	Long
ˑ	Half-long
◌̆	Extra-short
|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break
‿	Linking (absence of a break)

Tones and word accents

Level			Contour
◌̋	˥	Extra-high (top)	◌̌	˩˥	Rising
◌́	˦	High tone	◌̂	˥˩	Falling
◌̄	˧	Mid tone	◌᷄	˦˥	High rising
◌̀	˨	Low tone	◌᷅	˩˨	Low rising
◌̏	˩	Extra-low (bottom)	◌᷈	˧˦˧	Rising-falling
◌ꜜ		Downstep	↗︎		Global rise
◌ꜛ		Upstep	↘︎		Global fall

Transcription

[ ]	Phonetic transcription
/ /	Phonemic transcription
( )	Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩	Sound obscured
{ }	Prosodic notation

See also

• International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects
• Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
• Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet

External links

• The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart
• 2018 IPA charts and sub-charts in four fonts
• Interactive IPA chart